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WGU - C168 Critical Thinking and Logic Exam/381 Questions and Answers

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WGU - C168 Critical Thinking and Logic Exam/381 Questions and Answers WGU - C168 Critical Thinking and Logic Exam/381 Questions and Answers WGU - C168 Critical Thinking and Logic Exam/381 Questions and Answers

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  • December 16, 2023
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WGU - C168 Critical Thinking and Logic Exam/381 Questions
and Answers
What are the three dimensions of critical thinking? - ANSWER--1. Analyzing one's thinking

2. Evaluating one's thinking

3. Improving one's thinking



What are the four characteristics of critical thinking? - ANSWER--1. self-directed

2. self-disciplined

3. self-monitored

4. self-corrective



_____ is the tendency to view everything in relation to oneself. - ANSWER--egocentrism



_____ is the assumption that one's own social group is inherently superior to all others. - ANSWER--
sociocentrism



What are three things a well-cultivated critical thinker does while reasoning? - ANSWER--1. Raises vital
questions

2. Gathers and assesses relevant information

3. Reaches well-reasoned conclusions and solutions

4. Thinks open-mindedly

5. Communicates effectively with others



Americans have always done it that way, and as the greatest country in the world, it's always worked for
us in the past.

How can we trust the engineering work on this building? The structural engineers weren't educated in
the U.S.



These statements are a result of what kind of thinking? - ANSWER--First-order thinking



The assumptions we've relied upon may be flawed. Let's review them again. I'd like to talk this over with
some colleagues. They may have some insights we are missing.

, WGU - C168 Critical Thinking and Logic Exam/381 Questions
and Answers

These statements are a result of what kind of thinking? - ANSWER--Second-order thinking



What are some examples of weak critical thinkers? - ANSWER--1. They ignore the flaws in their own
thinking

2. They seek to win an argument through intellectual trickery or deceit

3. They make no true effort to consider alternative viewpoints

4. They are willing to hide or distort evidence



What are some examples of strong critical thinkers? - ANSWER--1. The consistently pursue what is
intellectually fair and just

2. They strive to be ethical

3. They will entertain arguments with which they do not agree



Intellectual Humility - ANSWER--Characterization

Commitment to discovering the extent of one's own ignorance on any issue

Recognition that one does not—and cannot—know everything

Consciousness of one's biases and prejudices

Aware of the limitations of one's viewpoint

Recognition that one should claim only what one actually knows

Awareness that egocentrism is often self-deceiving (i.e., convinces the mind that it knows more than it
does)



Its Opposite

Intellectual arrogance

Overestimation of how much one knows

No insight into self-deception or into the limitations of one's viewpoint



Relationship to Fair-Mindedness

, WGU - C168 Critical Thinking and Logic Exam/381 Questions
and Answers
Fair-mindedness requires us to first recognize the ignorance and flaws in our own thinking and to
comport ourselves accordingly. It requires self-awareness and a willingness to examine the limitations of
one's own point of view.



Being a fair-minded thinker means habitually applying the standards of reasoning to one's own thinking
in an effort to improve it.



Intellectual Courage - ANSWER--Characterization

Confronting ideas, viewpoints, or beliefs with fairness, even when doing so is painful

Examining fairly beliefs which one has strong negative feelings and toward which one has previously
been dismissive

Challenging popular belief

Leads us to recognize that ideas which society deems dangerous or absurd may hold some truth or
justification

Fortifies us to confront false or distorted ideas embraced by social groups to which we belong



Its Opposite

Intellectual cowardice

Fear of ideas that do not conform to one's own

Deters serious consideration of ideas, beliefs, or viewpoints perceived as dangerous

Threatened by ideas when they conflict with our self-identity (e.g., conservative or liberal, believer or
nonbeliever, etc.)



Relationship to Fair-Mindedness

Critical thinkers don't link their self-identities to their beliefs. They define themselves according to how
they arrive at their beliefs (i.e., the intellectual process)

Refusing to connect one's identity with one's beliefs fosters greater intellectual courage and fair-
mindedness



Intellectual Empathy - ANSWER--Characterization

Inhabiting the perspectives of others in order to genuinely understand them

, WGU - C168 Critical Thinking and Logic Exam/381 Questions
and Answers
Requirements

Ability to reconstruct other people's viewpoints and reasoning

Ability to reason from premises, assumptions, and ideas not one's own

Motivation to concede when one was wrong in the past despite a strong conviction of being right at the
time

Ability to imagine being similarly mistaken in a current situation



Its Opposite

Intellectual self-centeredness

Thinking centered on self

Renders us unable to understand others' thoughts, feelings, and emotions

Won't permit us to consider problems or issues from a vantage point other than our own



Relationship to Fair-Mindedness

Fair-mindedness requires a sincere attempt to inhabit the perspectives of other people in order to
fathom their thinking

One can't be fair to the reasoning of others if one has not genuinely tried to understand it



Intellectual Integrity - ANSWER--Characterization

Holding oneself to the same rigorous intellectual standards that one expects others to meet

Practicing daily what we preach to others

Admitting flaws and inconsistencies in our own thinking

Identifying weaknesses in our own thinking

Basic measure: extent to which one's beliefs and actions are consistent (i.e., one doesn't say one thing
and do another)



it's oppopsite

Intellectual dishonesty

Marked by contradictions and inconsistencies of which the perpetrator is unconscious

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