Economie voor maatschappijwetenschappen (760007B5)
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Aantekeningen Economie voor Maatschappijwetenschappen | PEW jaar 1
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Course
Economie voor maatschappijwetenschappen (760007B5)
Institution
Tilburg University (UVT)
Mijn aantekeningen van het vak Economie voor Maatschappijwetenschappen. Eerstejaars vak in de bachelor Personeelwetenschappen aan de Universiteit van Tilburg.
Smith’s invisible hand: individuals pursuing their own interests often promote the interest of society as
a whole
Dit college competitieve markten. Veel vragers een aanbieders. Individu heeft geen invloed op prijs.
Vraag en aanbodmodel om voorspellingen te doen over de markten.
DEMAND
The law of demand shows how much people are willing to buy/demand at different prices it is the
relationship between demand and price. Relatie tussen prijs en aanbod
Shift of demand curve (see left image) : change in quantity demanded at any given price (keeping the
price constant). Hele vraagfunctie verschuift evenredig. Veranderingen in vraag niet ten gevolgen van
verandering in prijs. Naar rechts is toename, naar links is afname
Movement along demand curve: a change in quantity demanded due to a change in price. Situaties
waarin gedrag (vraag) verandert als gevolg van verandering in prijzen.
People buy more roses on valentine’s day (shift of demand curve vs. more carpooling due to rise price
petrol (movement along demand curve)
What causes a demand curve to shift?
Changes in tastes voorbeeld rolling stones, of smartphones
Changes in prices of related goods:
o substitutes: rise in price of good 1 increases demand for good 2. Dienen hetzelfde doel. Bv
trein en bus
o complements: rise in price of good 1 decreases demand for good 2. Goederen hebben elkaar
nodig. Dus benzine en autos bijvoorbeeld
Changes in income:
o Normal goods: rise in income increases demand.
o Inferior goods: rise in income decreases demand. Bijvoorbeeld goedkope noodles, fastfood
o Superior goods: sportautos bijvoorbeeld
Changes in expectations (e.g. stock market). Stel je verwacht dat aandelen gaan stijgen, is er meer
vraag naar
Other factors: amount of consumers, weather, all factor affecting the willingness to pay of consumers
betalingsbereidheid van consumenten beinvloed
1
,Consumer surplus and the demand curve
How much do buyers on a market gain from the existence of the market? (welfare)
Individual consumer surplus: the net gain to an individual buyer from the
purchase of a good. It is equal to the verschil tussen de bereidheid die een
consument wil betalen en wat hij daadwerkelijk betaald.
Total consumer surplus: in a market is the sum of the individual consumer
surpluses of all the buyers of a good.
o The total CS generated by purchases of a good at a given price is
equal to the area below the demand curve but above that price.
Prijs daalt CS stijgt welvaart stijgt
Donkerblauw is toename surplus originele kopers. Lichtblauw toename
surplus nieuwe kopers
SUPPLY
The supply curve shows how much people are willing to sell/supply at different prices; relationship quantity
supplied and price
A shift in the supply curve: change in the quantity supplied at any
given price (keeping price constant) Veranderingen in aanbod niet ten
gevolgen van verandering in prijs.
Movement along curve: change in the quantity supplied as a result of
a change in the price. Verandering in de prijs. Situaties waarin gedrag
(aanbod) verandert als gevolg van verandering in prijzen.
More people put their house for sale when the house prices rise vs
more supply for ice cream due to a new technology of mixing, which
lowers production costs
What causes a supply curve to shift?
Change in tastes voorbeeld rolling stones
Change in input prices (less costly= more supply)
o An input is a good that is used to produce another good
Change in technology = turn inputs into output more efficiently. Goedkoper om te produceren. Bij elke
prijs meer aanbod
Change in expectations: expect stock price to rise = less supplied
Other: weather/climate; number of producers; factors that affect the willingness to sell/accept
Producer surplus and the supply curve
How much do sellers on a market gain from the existence of the market (welfare)
Individual producer surplus is the net gain to a seller from
selling a good. It is equal to Verschil tussen de prijs die je krijgt
en je verkoopkosten
Total producer surplus in a market is the sum of individual
producer surpluses of all the sellers of a good
o The total producer surplus from sales of a good at a
given price is the area above the supply curve but
below that price.
Prijs stijgt PS stijgt meer welvaart
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, Tweedehands markt
Andrew”: nietmachine 5€. Heeft hij nog niet. Als het boek ook 5€ is dan maakt het niet
uit, dan heeft hij liever het boek. Stel hij kan 10€ voor het boek krijgen. Koopt hij met de
helft daarvan de nietmachine. Gaat hij er 5€ op vooruit opportunity costs: waarde van
het tweede beste alternatief
Producer surplus bij tweedehands vanaf die opportunity costs
MARKET EQUILIBRIUM
Market equilibrium: het punt waar vraag een aanbod elkaar snijden. theoretische voorspelling. Toetsen wc
Price above its equilibrium level creates a Price Below Its Equilibrium Level Creates a
surplus . Sommige mensen kunnen hun Shortage. Overmatige vraag, prijzen hoger
ticket niet kwijt. Prijs lager, meer vraag Excess demand; incentive to increase
price
Excess supply; incentive to reduce the
Markets price moves towards equilibrium
price. price
CS: 40 =0,5* 40 *2
PS: 40 = 0,5* 40 *2
Equilibrium and shifts of the demand curve
An increase in demand movement along the supply curve to a higher equilibrium price and higher
equilibrium quantity
An increase in supply movement along the demand curve to a lower equilibrium price and higher
equilibrium quantity
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