The software program is structured into simple and reusable pieces of code. OOPs is one of the widely used programming paradigms adopted by software developers. In this blog, we will look at some of the applications of OOPs in the real world. Before moving to the applications, it is essential to ha...
C++ is the most used and most popular programming language developed by Bjarne
Stroustrup. C++ is a high-level and object-oriented programming language. This language
allows developers to write clean and efficient code for large applications and software
development, game development, and operating system programming. It is an expansion of
the C programming language to include Object Oriented Programming (OOPs) and is used to
develop programs for computers. This C++ Tutorial will cover all the basic to advanced topics
of C++ like C++ basics, C++ functions, C++ classes, OOPs and STL concepts.
What is C++?
C++ is a most popular cross-platform programming language which is used to create high-
performance applications and software like OS, Games, E-commerce software, etc. It was
developed by Bjarne Stroustrup, as an extension of C language. C++ give a high level of
control over system resources and memory.
Why Learn C++?
C++ is one of the most used and popular programming languages.
C++ is used in making operating systems, embedded systems, and Graphical User Interfaces.
It is an object-oriented programming language that implements all the OOPs concepts such
as Abstraction, Encapsulation, and Inheritance, which gives a clear structure to programs and
allows code to be reused, lowering development costs and providing security.
It is portable and can be used to create applications that can be adapted to multiple platforms.
C++ is easy to learn so that you can choose it as your first programming language.
It makes programming easy for programmers to switch to C++ because its syntax is similar to
C, Java, and C#.
Over View Of OOPs:
• C++ is a general-purpose programming language that was developed as an
enhancement of the C language to include object-oriented paradigm. It is an imperative
and a compiled language.
• C++ is a high-level, general-purpose programming language designed for system and
application programming. It was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup at Bell Labs in 1983
as an extension of the C programming language. C++ is an object-oriented, multi-
paradigm language that supports procedural, functional, and generic programming
styles.
• One of the key features of C++ is its ability to support low-level, system-level
programming, making it suitable for developing operating systems, device drivers, and
other system software. At the same time, C++ also provides a rich set of libraries and
features for high-level application programming, making it a popular choice for
developing desktop applications, video games, and other complex applications.
• C++ has a large, active community of developers and users, and a wealth of resources
and tools available for learning and using the language. Some of the key features of
C++ include:
, • Object-Oriented Programming: C++ supports object-oriented programming, allowing
developers to create classes and objects and to define methods and properties for
these objects.
• Templates: C++ templates allow developers to write generic code that can work with
any data type, making it easier to write reusable and flexible code.
• Standard Template Library (STL): The STL provides a wide range of containers and
algorithms for working with data, making it easier to write efficient and effective code.
• Exception Handling: C++ provides robust exception handling capabilities, making it
easier to write code that can handle errors and unexpected situations.
• Overall, C++ is a powerful and versatile programming language that is widely used for
a range of applications and is well-suited for both low-level system programming and
high-level application development.
Here are some simple C++ code examples to help you understand the language:
1.Hello World:
#include <iostream>
int main() {
std::cout << "Hello, World!" << std::endl;
return 0;
}
Output:
Hello, World!
C++ is a middle-level language rendering it the advantage of programming low-level (drivers,
kernels) and even higher-level applications (games, GUI, desktop apps etc.). The basic syntax
and code structure of both C and C++ are the same.
Some of the features & key-points to note about the programming language are
as follows:
1) Simple: It is a simple language in the sense that programs can be broken down into
logical units and parts, has a rich library support and a variety of data-types.
2) Machine Independent but Platform Dependent: A C++ executable is not platform-
independent (compiled programs on Linux won’t run on Windows), however they are
machine independent.
3) Mid-level language: It is a mid-level language as we can do both systems-programming
(drivers, kernels, networking etc.) and build large-scale user applications (Media
Players, Photoshop, Game Engines etc.)
4) Rich library support: Has a rich library support (Both standard ~ built-in data structures,
algorithms etc.) as well 3rd party libraries (e.g. Boost libraries) for fast and rapid
development.
5) Speed of execution: C++ programs excel in execution speed. Since, it is a compiled
language, and also hugely procedural. Newer languages have extra in-built default
features such as garbage-collection, dynamic typing etc. which slow the execution of
the program overall. Since there is no additional processing overhead like this in C++,
it is blazing fast.
, 6) Pointer and direct Memory-Access: C++ provides pointer support which aids users to
directly manipulate storage address. This helps in doing low-level programming (where
one might need to have explicit control on the storage of variables).
7) Object-Oriented: One of the strongest points of the language which sets it apart from
C. Object-Oriented support helps C++ to make maintainable and extensible programs.
i.e. Large-scale applications can be built. Procedural code becomes difficult to maintain
as code-size grows.
Compiled Language: C++ is a compiled language, contributing to its speed.
Applications of C++:
C++ finds varied usage in applications such as:
Operating Systems & Systems Programming. e.g. Linux-based OS (Ubuntu etc.)
Browsers (Chrome & Firefox)
Graphics & Game engines (Photoshop, Blender, Unreal-Engine)
Database Engines (MySQL, MongoDB, Redis etc.)
Cloud/Distributed Systems
Here are some key points to keep in mind while working with C++:
1. Object-Oriented Programming: C++ is an object-oriented programming language,
which means that it allows you to define classes and objects to model real-world
entities and their behaviour.
2. Strong Type System: C++ has a strong type system, which means that variables have
a specific type and that type must be respected in all operations performed on that
variable.
3. Low-level Access: C++ provides low-level access to system resources, which makes
it a suitable choice for system programming and writing efficient code.
4. Standard Template Library (STL): The STL provides a large set of pre-written
algorithms and data structures that can be used to simplify your code and make it more
efficient.
5. Cross-platform Compatibility: C++ can be compiled and run on multiple platforms,
including Windows, MacOS, and Linux, making it a versatile language for developing
cross-platform applications.
6. Performance: C++ is a compiled language, which means that code is transformed into
machine code before it is executed. This can result in faster execution times and
improved performance compared to interpreted languages like Python.
7. Memory Management: C++ requires manual memory management, which can lead to
errors if not done correctly. However, this also provides more control over the
program’s memory usage and can result in more efficient memory usage.
Syntax: C++ has a complex syntax that can be difficult to learn, especially for beginners.
However, with practice and experience, it becomes easier to understand and work with.
These are some of the key points to keep in mind when working with C++. By understanding
these concepts, you can make informed decisions and write effective code in this language.
, Advantages of C++:
• Performance: C++ is a compiled language, which means that its code is compiled into
machine-readable code, making it one of the fastest programming languages.
• Object-Oriented Programming: C++ supports object-oriented programming, which
makes it easier to write and maintain large, complex applications.
• Standard Template Library (STL): The STL provides a wide range of algorithms and
data structures for working with data, making it easier to write efficient and effective
code.
• Machine Independent: C++ is not tied to any hardware or processor. If the compiler
compiles the program in the system, it will be able to run no matter what the hardware
is.
• Large Community: C++ has a large, active community of developers and users,
providing a wealth of resources and support for learning and using the language.
• Disadvantages of C++:
• Steep Learning Curve: C++ can be challenging to learn, especially for beginners, due
to its complexity and the number of concepts that need to be understood.
• Verbose Syntax: C++ has a verbose syntax, which can make code longer and more
difficult to read and maintain.
• Error-Prone: C++ provides low-level access to system resources, which can lead to
subtle errors that are difficult to detect and fix.
Some interesting facts about C++:
Here are some awesome facts about C++ that may interest you:
The name of C++ signifies the evolutionary nature of the changes from C. “++” is the C
increment operator.
C++ is one of the predominant languages for the development of all kind of technical and
commercial software.
C++ introduces Object-Oriented Programming, not present in C. Like other things, C++
supports the four primary features of OOP: encapsulation, polymorphism, abstraction, and
inheritance.
C++ got the OOP features from Simula67 Programming language.
A function is a minimum requirement for a C++ program to run. ( at least main() function ).
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller mahimasingh. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $8.29. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
