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Samenvatting KLP
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Samenvatting van het vak Klinische Psychologie. Begrippen zijn gemarkeerd. Ter verduidelijking zijn er in het blauw voorbeelden aan de samenvatting toegevoegd.
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KLINISCHE PSYCHOLOGIEExamen 20 MPC (/10) en enkele open vragen (/10). Criteria niet vanbuiten, maar MPC wel weten van welke stoornis die
criteria zijn!!! Medicatie ook herkennen, weten welke klasse
Inhoud
Inleiding ........................................................................................................................................................... 4
Definiëring ................................................................................................................................................... 4
Normaal vs abnormaal ................................................................................................................................ 5
Populatie ..................................................................................................................................................... 7
Taken vd psychologisch consulent .............................................................................................................. 8
Werksettings ............................................................................................................................................. 11
Geschiedenis en domein van de KLP ............................................................................................................. 12
Voorgeschiedenis ...................................................................................................................................... 12
Recente geschiedenis ................................................................................................................................ 14
Domein ...................................................................................................................................................... 16
Het biologisch perspectief ............................................................................................................................. 18
Het psychologisch perspectief ...................................................................................................................... 20
Psychoanalytische theorie......................................................................................................................... 20
Leertheorie ................................................................................................................................................ 25
Cognitieve theorie ..................................................................................................................................... 30
Ervaringsgerichte theorie .......................................................................................................................... 34
Systeemtheorie ......................................................................................................................................... 36
Het sociaal culturele perspectief!! ................................................................................................................ 42
Het biopsychosociale perspectief!! ............................................................................................................... 42
Theorieën kritisch bekeken ........................................................................................................................... 43
Psychopathologie – de inleiding.................................................................................................................... 45
Inleiding ..................................................................................................................................................... 45
Classificatie ................................................................................................................................................ 46
Kenmerken DSM........................................................................................................................................ 47
Diagnostiek - Beoordelingsmethoden ....................................................................................................... 52
Classificatie van symptomen ..................................................................................................................... 53
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,Stemming(sstoornissen) ................................................................................................................................ 57
Korte definities .......................................................................................................................................... 57
Depressieve stemmingsstoornis ............................................................................................................... 58
Bipolaire stemmingsstoornissen ............................................................................................................... 62
Suïcidaliteit/Zelfdoding ............................................................................................................................. 63
Angst en trauma ............................................................................................................................................ 64
Definities ................................................................................................................................................... 64
Functie ....................................................................................................................................................... 64
Angsten in de ontwikkeling ....................................................................................................................... 65
Paniekstoornissen ..................................................................................................................................... 66
Sociale (angststoornis) fobie ..................................................................................................................... 68
Enkelvoudige fobie .................................................................................................................................... 69
Obsessief compulsieve stoornis (dwangstoornis) ..................................................................................... 70
Gegeneraliseerde angststoornis................................................................................................................ 72
Overige angststoornissen .......................................................................................................................... 73
Post-Traumatische Stressstoornis ............................................................................................................. 73
Somatisatie (Somatoforme stoornissen/ Somatisch-symptoomstoornis en verwante stoornissen) ........... 76
Conversiestoornis (Functioneel-Neurologisch-Symptoomstoornis) ......................................................... 76
Somatisch symptoomstoornis ................................................................................................................... 78
Munchausen by proxy ............................................................................................................................... 78
Nagebootste stoornis (simulatie) .............................................................................................................. 79
Ziekteangststoornis (hypochondrie) ......................................................................................................... 79
Dysmorfofobie........................................................................................................................................... 80
Genderdysforie.......................................................................................................................................... 80
Chronisch Vermoeidheidssyndroom ......................................................................................................... 81
PP Transdiagnostische bril............................................................................................................................. 81
Inleiding ..................................................................................................................................................... 81
TD-modellen .............................................................................................................................................. 82
TD-factoren nader bekeken ....................................................................................................................... 85
Emotionele problemen TD (Emotieregulatie) ............................................................................................... 88
Emoties ...................................................................................................................................................... 88
Emotieregulatie ......................................................................................................................................... 90
Emotieregulatie als TD factor .................................................................................................................... 91
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, Kernfactoren voor een goede emotieregulatie......................................................................................... 94
Diagnostiek ................................................................................................................................................ 95
Behandeling: Emotieregulatie-training (ERT) ............................................................................................ 95
Gedragsproblemen TD (Executieve functies) ................................................................................................ 97
Gedragsproblemen.................................................................................................................................... 97
Executieve functies.................................................................................................................................. 100
Cognitieve problemen TD (Repetitief Negatief denken) ............................................................................. 107
Definiëring ............................................................................................................................................... 107
Repetitief Negatief Denken als TD proces............................................................................................... 109
De rol van negatieve controle (over negatieve gedachten) .................................................................... 110
Rumineren en gecompliceerde rouw ...................................................................................................... 111
Assessment.............................................................................................................................................. 112
Behandelstrategieën ............................................................................................................................... 112
Inleiding ....................................................................................................................................................... 114
Psychofarmaca ............................................................................................................................................ 115
Het neuron .............................................................................................................................................. 115
Farmacokinetiek ...................................................................................................................................... 116
Farmacodynamiek ................................................................................................................................... 118
Farmacologie ........................................................................................................................................... 119
Gedragstherapie .......................................................................................................................................... 122
Ontwikkeling............................................................................................................................................ 122
Diagnostiek .............................................................................................................................................. 122
Therapie .................................................................................................................................................. 123
Effectstudies ............................................................................................................................................ 128
Cognitieve therapie ..................................................................................................................................... 128
Ontwikkeling............................................................................................................................................ 128
Diagnostiek .............................................................................................................................................. 128
Therapie .................................................................................................................................................. 130
Effectstudies ............................................................................................................................................ 132
Psychoanalyse ............................................................................................................................................. 132
Ontwikkeling............................................................................................................................................ 132
Diagnostiek .............................................................................................................................................. 133
Therapie .................................................................................................................................................. 134
3
, Effectstudies ............................................................................................................................................ 136
Ervaringsgerichte therapie .......................................................................................................................... 136
Ontwikkeling............................................................................................................................................ 136
Diagnostiek .............................................................................................................................................. 136
Therapie .................................................................................................................................................. 137
Effectstudies ............................................................................................................................................ 138
Systeemtherapie ......................................................................................................................................... 138
Ontwikkeling............................................................................................................................................ 138
Diagnostiek .............................................................................................................................................. 138
Therapie .................................................................................................................................................. 139
Effectstudies ............................................................................................................................................ 141
Inleiding
Definiëring
De term ‘klinisch’
▪ Een subdiscipline
andere subdisciplines A&O en SPP
▪ Grootste groep: 50% van alle in de praktijk werkzame psychologen
▪ Verkeerde indruk ‘klinisch’ want in alle sectoren vd gezondheidszorg
Poging tot definiëring
▪ Cassee, Höweler, Janssen (1981)
- KLP = psychologie die zich bezighoudt met gedrag dat door wie dan ook als ongewenst wordt
beschouwd en met de mogelijkheden in dat gedrag verandering te brengen
▪ Reber (1991)
- KLP houdt bezig met afwijkend en slecht aangepast gedrag
- Diagnostiek, classificatie, behandeling, preventie en onderzoek
▪ Winnubst, Schnabel, Van de Bout & Van Son
- Wetenschap, onderzoek naar gezondheid
- Diagnoses & interventies ontwikkelen/toepassen
▪ American Psychological Association
- Toegepaste wetenschap
- Diagnostiek en behandeling mentale problemen
▪ Belgische Federatie van Psychologen (BFP)
- Psychologische kennis en praktijk
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