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WGU Biochemistry Final Review - Questions With Solutions
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WGU Biochemistry Final Review - Questions WithSolutions
1. The polymerase chain reaction is a tool used to study protein structure.
True
False Correct Ans ➡ False
Feedback
PCR is a tool used to amplify a specific segment of DNA.
What color is the primer in the following diagram?
Red
Purple
Blue Correct Ans ➡ Red
Feedback
Recall from the section on DNA replication that DNA polymerase needs a
primer to begin DNA synthesis. This requirement means the primers will
direct the DNA polymerase to only synthesize complementary strands of the
target DNA. (Note: In DNA replication, the primers are RNA primers, while
PCR generally uses DNA primers because they are more stable.)
dNTPs are DNA nucleotides used in PCR.
True
False Correct Ans ➡ True
Feedback
dNTPs stands for deoxynucleotide triphosphates, which are the nucleotides
used in DNA synthesis.
A thermocycler is a machine used for PCR that varies the temperature of a
sample.
True
,False Correct Ans ➡ True
Feedback
For PCR, in each cycle, the two strands of the duplex DNA are separated by
heating, then the reaction mixture is cooled to allow the primers to anneal (or
pair) to their complementary segments on the DNA. Next, the DNA
polymerase directs the synthesis of the complementary strands. The use of a
heat-stable DNA polymerase eliminates the need to add fresh enzyme after
each round of heating (heat inactivates most enzymes). Hence, in the presence
of sufficient quantities of primers and dNTPs, PCR is carried out simply by
cycling through the different temperatures for strand separation, primer
annealing, and DNA synthesis.
The thermocycler is the machine that is used to vary the temperature of the
samples.
DNA polymerase is used in DNA replication and in PCR.
True
False Correct Ans ➡ True
Feedback
Both PCR and DNA replication require DNA polymerase to make new copies of
DNA.
Which of the following changes can NOT be detected using PCR?
Differences in DNA sequence
Epigenetic changes
Deletions
Insertions Correct Ans ➡ Epigenetic changes
Feedback
Epigenetic changes do not affect the sequence of the DNA. PCR is used to look
at the DNA sequence.
Which of the following components is NOT used in PCR?
DNA template
DNA nucleotides
,RNA polymerase
Primers Correct Ans ➡ RNA polymerase
Feedback
PCR makes a DNA copy, so DNA polymerase is used.
Assuming there is one copy of the target DNA sequence before PCR, how many
copies of DNA are there after 5 PCR cycles?
256
6
65,536
16
32 Correct Ans ➡ 32
Feedback
Each cycles double the numbers of DNA copy. Round 1: 1->2. Round 2: 2 ->4.
Round 3: 4 -> 8. Round 4: 8 ->16. Round 5: 16 ->32.
DNA polymerase can synthesize new DNA strands in which direction?
3' to 5'
5' to 3'
any direction
N-terminus to C-terminus Correct Ans ➡ 5' to 3'
Feedback
DNA needs a free 3' end to bind to and initiate synthesis of a DNA. It
synthesizes in a 5' to 3' direction.
The following are steps involved in a polymerase chain reaction. Which is the
correct order:
Elongation, denaturation, and annealing
Denaturation, annealing, and elongation
Annealing, elongation, and denaturation
Elongation, annealing, and denaturation Correct Ans ➡ Denaturation,
annealing, and elongation
, Feedback
PCR uses repeated cycles of temperature to amplify particular DNA segments.
In the first step, the reaction mixture is heated to separate the DNA strands
(denaturation). The reaction is then cooled to allow the DNA primers, which
define the sequence to be amplified, to anneal (base pair) with the template
DNA. In the third step, DNA polymerase extends the DNA primers to create a
copy of the target DNA sequence. Heating the reaction to stop polymerization
and separate the DNA strands starts the cycle over again
Sickle Cell Anemia is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. Choose the
set of chromosomes of a person that has inherited the disease. Green boxes
represent normal alleles and yellow boxes represent mutant alleles.
Captionless Image
A. Chromosome 12 (Blue) vs. Chromosome 11 (Red)
B. Chromosome X (Blue) vs. Chromosome Y (Red, Short)
C. Chromosome 11 (Blue) vs. Chromosome 11 (Red w/green stripe)
D. Chromosome 11 (Blue) vs. Chromosome 11 (Red w/yellow stripe)
Correct Ans ➡ D. Chromosome 11 (Blue) vs. Chromosome 11 (Red
w/yellow stripe)
Feedback
This question depicts chromosomes and asks which pair represents an
Autosomal Recessive inheritance pattern. Each of the chromosomes are
pictured carrying an allele from each parent, which is depicted by a yellow or
green box. The green box represents a normal or dominant allele, while the
yellow box represents a mutant or recessive allele.
An Autosomal trait will be carried on a numbered chromosome and both
chromosomes should have the same number. An X-linked trait will be carried
on an X-chromosome. This allows us to rule out answer choices A and B.
To inherit a recessive trait, we need to inherit two recessive (or mutant
alleles), which would be shown as two yellow boxes. A dominant trait can be
inherited when one or two dominant alleles are present. Answer choice C
depicts an Autosomal Dominant inheritance, while answer choice D is the
correct answer because it depicts an Autosomal Recessive inheritance pattern.
Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive condition. This means that:
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