WGU C785 Jolynn's OA Study Guide – Qs And As
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ✔️Ans - process to copy DNA
What is needed to complete PCR ✔️Ans - Template DNA, Nucleotides
(dNTPS), DNA Polymerase, and DNA
Steps of PCR ✔️Ans - denaturation, annealing, elongation
denaturation ✔️Ans - loss of normal shape of a protein due to heat or other
factor
Annealing ✔️Ans - cooled to 50c primers stick and want to copy and add
DNA polymerase
Elongation ✔️Ans - reaction heated to 70C and DNA polymerase add
nucleotides building a new DNA strand.
base excision repair ✔️Ans - a modified base is first excised and then the
entire nucleotide is replaced
DNA glycosylase ✔️Ans - removes damaged DNA
DNA polymerase ✔️Ans - replaces to damaged DNA ligase seals it
base excision repair ✔️Ans - removes one single nucleotide
MIsmatch repair ✔️Ans - The cellular process that uses special enzymes to
fix incorrectly paired nucleotides.
What DNA damage is corrected by mismatch repair ✔️Ans - errors in
replication fixed
What occurs when DNA polymerase binds to DNA to make RNA ✔️Ans -
transcription ! DNA polymerase takes the individual nucleotides and matches
the them to the parental sequences to ensure a correct pair. It must bind with
RNA primer to work.
, nonsense ✔️Ans - change in 1 nucleotide produces a STOP codon
silent mutation ✔️Ans - A mutation that changes a single nucleotide, but
does not change the amino acid created.
Missense ✔️Ans - a mutation that changes one amino acid
What happens during RNA splicing ✔️Ans - after transcription, the introns
are removed and the exons are hooks back together
DNA transcription ✔️Ans - the proccess of copying a section of dna in order
to make proteins
DNA translation ✔️Ans - Process by which mRNA is converted into a
protein
non-template/coding strand ✔️Ans - its sequence matches the sequence of
the RNA that is transcribed from the template strand and codes for a
polypeptide
complementary strand ✔️Ans - A strand of DNA or RNA that has
complementary bases to another strand of DNA or RNA. For instance, during
DNA replication, the new strand that is formed is a complementary strand.
(Complementary bases: A-T, C-G)
DNA template to mRNA is? ✔️Ans - transcription
ionized alanine ✔️Ans - It's an Amino acid. Look for the "R" group. Alanine
is a hydrophobic amino acid that has CH3 it's a weak interaction.
For ionized look for the one with the + or - charge
Misfolding of protein structure in Alzheimer's ✔️Ans - Caused by
intracellular tangles and extracellular plaques (senile plaques) caused by
abnormal protein aggregation. Tau is fibrous material inside cells with this the
connections are lost. This becomes defective and form filaments in the neuron.
Amyloid- beta is a large precursor protein in the cell. Excess amyloid-beta is
clearly linked to Alzheimer's disease creating senile plaques. Starts in the
hippocampus and moves up.
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ✔️Ans - process to copy DNA
What is needed to complete PCR ✔️Ans - Template DNA, Nucleotides
(dNTPS), DNA Polymerase, and DNA
Steps of PCR ✔️Ans - denaturation, annealing, elongation
denaturation ✔️Ans - loss of normal shape of a protein due to heat or other
factor
Annealing ✔️Ans - cooled to 50c primers stick and want to copy and add
DNA polymerase
Elongation ✔️Ans - reaction heated to 70C and DNA polymerase add
nucleotides building a new DNA strand.
base excision repair ✔️Ans - a modified base is first excised and then the
entire nucleotide is replaced
DNA glycosylase ✔️Ans - removes damaged DNA
DNA polymerase ✔️Ans - replaces to damaged DNA ligase seals it
base excision repair ✔️Ans - removes one single nucleotide
MIsmatch repair ✔️Ans - The cellular process that uses special enzymes to
fix incorrectly paired nucleotides.
What DNA damage is corrected by mismatch repair ✔️Ans - errors in
replication fixed
What occurs when DNA polymerase binds to DNA to make RNA ✔️Ans -
transcription ! DNA polymerase takes the individual nucleotides and matches
the them to the parental sequences to ensure a correct pair. It must bind with
RNA primer to work.
, nonsense ✔️Ans - change in 1 nucleotide produces a STOP codon
silent mutation ✔️Ans - A mutation that changes a single nucleotide, but
does not change the amino acid created.
Missense ✔️Ans - a mutation that changes one amino acid
What happens during RNA splicing ✔️Ans - after transcription, the introns
are removed and the exons are hooks back together
DNA transcription ✔️Ans - the proccess of copying a section of dna in order
to make proteins
DNA translation ✔️Ans - Process by which mRNA is converted into a
protein
non-template/coding strand ✔️Ans - its sequence matches the sequence of
the RNA that is transcribed from the template strand and codes for a
polypeptide
complementary strand ✔️Ans - A strand of DNA or RNA that has
complementary bases to another strand of DNA or RNA. For instance, during
DNA replication, the new strand that is formed is a complementary strand.
(Complementary bases: A-T, C-G)
DNA template to mRNA is? ✔️Ans - transcription
ionized alanine ✔️Ans - It's an Amino acid. Look for the "R" group. Alanine
is a hydrophobic amino acid that has CH3 it's a weak interaction.
For ionized look for the one with the + or - charge
Misfolding of protein structure in Alzheimer's ✔️Ans - Caused by
intracellular tangles and extracellular plaques (senile plaques) caused by
abnormal protein aggregation. Tau is fibrous material inside cells with this the
connections are lost. This becomes defective and form filaments in the neuron.
Amyloid- beta is a large precursor protein in the cell. Excess amyloid-beta is
clearly linked to Alzheimer's disease creating senile plaques. Starts in the
hippocampus and moves up.
