Samenvatting Inhoudsopgave en woordenlijst pathologie open boek examen
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Course
NUR 876
Institution
Thomas More Hogeschool (tmhs)
Book
Leerboek KNO en Hoofd-Halschirurgie
Dit is een inhoudsopgave en een begrippenlijst met alle moeilijke woorden uit het leerboek: KNO en Hoofd-Halschirurgie. Dit document zou je kunnen helpen met het open boek examen van anatomie en pathologie, fase 1 logopedie en audiologie aan de Thomas More Hogeschool te Antwerpen. Het vak wordt geg...
Inhoud
3. Aandoeningen van het uitwendige oor.............................................................................................10
3.1 Aandoeningen van de oorschelp.................................................................................................10
3.1.1 Cogenitale afwijkingen.........................................................................................................10
3.1.2 Traumata..............................................................................................................................10
3.1.3 Ontstekingen........................................................................................................................11
3.1.4 Tumoren...............................................................................................................................12
3.2 Aandoeningen van de uitwendige gehoorgang...........................................................................13
3.2.1 Cogenitale afwijkingen.........................................................................................................13
3.2.2 Oorsmeerprop.....................................................................................................................13
3.2.3 Corpus alienum....................................................................................................................14
3.2.4 Ontstekingen........................................................................................................................14
3.2.5 Degeneratieve en metabole aandoeningen.........................................................................18
3.2.6 Aandoeningen met onbekende oorzaak..............................................................................18
3.2.7 Tumoren...............................................................................................................................18
3.3 Aandoeningen van het uitwendige oor op kinderleeftijd............................................................19
3.3.1 Afstaande oren.....................................................................................................................19
3.3.2 Cogenitale atresie en microtie van het oor..........................................................................19
4. Aandoeningen van het trommelvlies en het middenoor..................................................................19
4.1 Congenitale afwijkingen..............................................................................................................19
4.2 Ontstekingen..............................................................................................................................20
4.2.1 Myringitis.............................................................................................................................20
4.2.2 Otitis media.........................................................................................................................20
4.2.3 Acute otitis media (AOM)....................................................................................................21
4.2.4 Otitis media met effusie (OME)............................................................................................21
4.2.5 Chronische otitis media (COM)............................................................................................22
4.2.6 Chronische otitis media en het cholesteatoom....................................................................23
4.2.7 Resttoestanden....................................................................................................................23
4.3 Trauma........................................................................................................................................23
4.3.1 Penetrerend trauma en barotrauma....................................................................................23
4.3.2 Schedelbasistrauma.............................................................................................................24
4.4 Otosclerose.................................................................................................................................24
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, 4.4.1 Klinisch beeld.......................................................................................................................24
4.4.2 Onderzoek...........................................................................................................................24
4.4.3 Behandeling.........................................................................................................................24
4.5 Reconstructieve middenooroperaties.........................................................................................24
4.5.1 Middenoorbeluchting (trommelvliesbuisje)........................................................................24
4.5.2 Herstel van het trommelvlies (myringoplastiek, tympanoplastiek type 1)...........................24
4.5.3 Ketenreconstructie...............................................................................................................24
4.5.4 Stapeschirurgie (stapedotomie, stapedectomie).................................................................24
4.6 Tumoren van het middenoor en mastoïd...................................................................................25
4.6.1 Benige tumoren...................................................................................................................25
4.6.2 Maligne tumoren.................................................................................................................25
5. Aandoeningen van het binnenoor....................................................................................................25
5.1 Inleiding......................................................................................................................................25
5.2 Erfelijk gehoorverlies..................................................................................................................25
5.2.1 Niet-syndromaal erfelijk gehoorverlies................................................................................25
5.2.2 Syndromaal erfelijk gehoorverlies........................................................................................25
5.2.3 Chromosomale afwijkingen met gehoorverlies...................................................................26
5.3 Cogenitaal niet-erfelijk perceptief gehoorverlies........................................................................26
5.3.1 Cogenitale en vroeg verworven infecties.............................................................................26
5.3.2 Cytomegalie.........................................................................................................................26
5.3.3 Rubella.................................................................................................................................27
5.3.4 Herpes simplex....................................................................................................................27
5.3.5 Toxoplasmose.......................................................................................................................27
5.3.6 Cogenitale syfilis..................................................................................................................27
5.3.7 Bof.......................................................................................................................................27
5.3.8 Mazelen...............................................................................................................................27
5.3.9 Overige neonatale oorzaken................................................................................................27
5.4 Verworven perceptief gehoorverlies – infectieuze, toxische en traumatische oorzaken............27
5.4.1 Bacteriële meningitis...........................................................................................................27
5.4.2 Herpes zoster oticus/ syndroom van Ramsay Hunt..............................................................27
5.4.3 Labyrintitis als complicatie van otitis media.........................................................................27
5.4.4 Ototoxiteit............................................................................................................................27
5.4.5 Antibiotica in oordruppels...................................................................................................27
5.4.6 Trauma.................................................................................................................................27
5.4.7 Fractuur van het os temporale en het os petrosum.............................................................27
5.4.8 Labyrintvensterruptuur........................................................................................................28
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, 5.4.9 Lawaaibeschadiging.............................................................................................................28
5.4.10 Presbyacusis.......................................................................................................................28
5.4.11 Ziekte van Menière............................................................................................................29
5.4.12 Vestibulair schwannoom....................................................................................................29
5.4.13 Plotseling gehoorverlies.....................................................................................................29
5.4.14 Idiopathisch plotseling perceptief gehoorverlies...............................................................29
5.4.15 Auto-immuun perceptief gehoorverlies.............................................................................29
5.5 Tinnitus (oorsuizen)....................................................................................................................30
5.5.1 Definitie...............................................................................................................................30
5.5.2 Prevalentie= voorkomen op een bepaald moment van ziekteverschijnsel..........................30
5.5.3 Pathogenese= stapsgewijze ontstaan, ontwikkelen en verloop van een aandoening of ziekte
......................................................................................................................................................30
5.6 Niet-organische vormen van slechthorendheid..........................................................................30
7. Aandoeningen van het vestibulaire systeem....................................................................................31
7.1 Inleiding......................................................................................................................................31
7.2 Anamnese...................................................................................................................................31
7.2.1 Vestibulaire klachten............................................................................................................31
7.3 Het neuro-otologisch onderzoek................................................................................................31
7.4 Differentiaaldiagnose..................................................................................................................31
7.5 Continue rotatoire vertigo..........................................................................................................31
7.5.1 Neuritis vestibularis.............................................................................................................31
7.5.2 Hersenstam CVA..................................................................................................................31
7.6 Eenzijdige, spontaan wisselende disfunctie................................................................................32
7.6.1 Ziekte van Menière..............................................................................................................32
7.6.2 Vestibulaire migraine...........................................................................................................32
7.7 Paroxismale positionele vertigo..................................................................................................32
7.7.1 Benige paroxismale positioneringsduizeligheid (BPPD).......................................................32
7.7.2 Vestibulaire paroxismie........................................................................................................33
7.8 Frequente aanvallen van duizeligheid of instabiliteit..................................................................33
7.8.1 Binnenoorfistels...................................................................................................................33
7.8.2 Superieur semicirculair kanaal dehiscentie syndroom.........................................................33
7.9 Posturale instabiliteit zonder neurologische symptomen...........................................................33
7.9.1 Tweezijdige uitval.................................................................................................................33
7.9.2 Persistente posturale- perceptuele duizeligheid..................................................................33
7.10 Eenzijdige langzaam progressieve uitval...................................................................................33
7.10.1 Vestibulair schwannoom....................................................................................................33
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, 7.11 Algemene opmerkingen over de behandeling van duizeligheid................................................33
7.11.1 Causale behandeling..........................................................................................................34
7.11.2 Symptomatische behandeling............................................................................................34
7.11.3 Medicamenteuze behandeling...........................................................................................34
7.11.4 Specifieke oefentherapie...................................................................................................34
7.11.5 Ablatieve behandeling.......................................................................................................34
8. Aandoeningen van de nervus facialis................................................................................................34
8.1 Inleiding......................................................................................................................................34
8.2 Klinische anatomie......................................................................................................................34
8.3 Gevolgen van facialisuitval..........................................................................................................34
8.4 Anamnese...................................................................................................................................35
8.5 Kno-onderzoek............................................................................................................................35
8.5.1 Onderzoek van de facialisfunctie.........................................................................................35
8.5.2 Aanvullend onderzoek.........................................................................................................35
8.6 Oorzaken.....................................................................................................................................35
8.6.1 Bellverlamming....................................................................................................................35
8.6.2 Herpes zoster oticus.............................................................................................................35
8.6.3 Middenoorpathologie..........................................................................................................35
8.6.4 Trauma.................................................................................................................................36
8.6.5 Ziekte van Lyme...................................................................................................................36
8.6.6 Facialisuitval bij kinderen.....................................................................................................36
8.7 Chirurgische behandeling bij uitval van de n.facialis...................................................................36
8.7.1 Preoperatieve besluitvorming..............................................................................................36
8.7.2 Preoperatief onderzoek.......................................................................................................36
8.7.3 Reconstructies in de acute fase............................................................................................36
8.7.4 Reconstructies in de chronische fase...................................................................................37
8.7.5 Statische technieken............................................................................................................37
8.7.6 Adjuvante behandeling........................................................................................................37
12. Aandoeningen van de neus.............................................................................................................37
12.1 Aangeboren afwijkingen...........................................................................................................37
12.1.1 Choanale atresie................................................................................................................37
12.1.2 Cogenitale fistels, cysten en tumoren................................................................................37
12.1.3 Cogenitaal scheve neus......................................................................................................37
12.1.4 Hypoplasie van de neus.....................................................................................................37
12.1.5 Labiognathopalatoschisis...................................................................................................37
12.2 Septumdeformaties (deviaties, crista septi, spina septi)...........................................................38
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