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JEUGDBESCHERMING & JEUGDRECHTInhoud
1 Ontstaan van een categoriaal beleid...................................................................................................6
1.1 1.1 evolutie van de socialisatie.....................................................................................................6
1.1.1 Geen kindbeeld......................................................................................................................7
1.1.2 aanzet tot een kindbeeld.......................................................................................................7
1.1.3 Huidig kindbeeld....................................................................................................................8
1.2 Evolutie van de sociale controle..................................................................................................9
1.2.1 Vroegere tijden......................................................................................................................9
1.2.2 Verlichting............................................................................................................................10
1.2.3 Tendensen vanaf verlichting................................................................................................11
1.2.4 Het positivisme....................................................................................................................12
1.2.5 Crimineel- antropologische school......................................................................................13
1.2.6 crimineel-sociologische school............................................................................................13
1.3 School van sociaal verweer.........................................................................................................13
1.3.1 Besluit verlichting................................................................................................................14
2 historisch overzicht van de jeugdbescherming in België...................................................................14
2.1 eerste kinderbeschermingswet 15mei 1912...............................................................................14
2.1.1 Bevoegdheid van de kinderrechterbank..............................................................................15
2.1.2 Maatregelen van de kinderrechtbank..................................................................................15
2.1.3 Kritische noot.......................................................................................................................15
2.1.4 Herziening eerste kinderbeschermingswet..........................................................................15
2.2 Wet op de jeugdbescherming 8april 1965..................................................................................16
2.2.1 Basisprincipes van deze wet................................................................................................16
2.2.2 Belangrijkste vernieuwingen................................................................................................18
2.2.3 Kritiek op wet 1965..............................................................................................................18
2.3 Gecoördineerde decreten van 04/041990 en wet van 02/02/1994...........................................19
2.3.1 Wijzigingen in de terminologie............................................................................................19
2.3.2 Filosofie van de decreten en de wet....................................................................................19
2.3.3 Verdeling van bevoegdheden..............................................................................................20
2.3.4 Belangrijkste vernieuwingen................................................................................................21
2.3.5 Detentiecentrum ‘De Grubbe’ te Everberg..........................................................................21
2.4 Jeugdwet van 13 juni 2006.........................................................................................................21
2.4.1 Basisprincipes......................................................................................................................22
2.4.2 filosofie................................................................................................................................22
, 2.4.3 Belangrijkste vernieuwingen................................................................................................22
2.4.4 Maatregelen........................................................................................................................23
3 Algemeen...........................................................................................................................................24
3.1 Situatie na 6 staatshervorming...................................................................................................24
3.2 Vlaanderen.................................................................................................................................24
3.3 Decreet rechtspositie minderjarige(2004)..................................................................................25
3.4 internationaal verdrag inzake rechten van het kind IVRK (1989)................................................25
4 de familierechtbank...........................................................................................................................26
4.1 de verschillende afdelingen........................................................................................................26
4.2 de materiële bevoegdheid en territoriale bevoegdheid.............................................................26
4.3 Openbaar ministerie binnen de familierechtbank......................................................................27
5 de jeugdrechtbank.............................................................................................................................27
5.1 de sociale dienst van de jeugdrechtbank....................................................................................27
5.2 Het OM bij de jeugdrechtbank....................................................................................................27
5.3 De jeugdrechter en de jeugdrechtbank......................................................................................27
6 Inleiding.............................................................................................................................................28
7 Begrippen..........................................................................................................................................28
8 Basisprincipes....................................................................................................................................29
8.1 basisprincipes.............................................................................................................................29
8.2 Algemene voorwaarden procedure............................................................................................29
9 Toepassingsgebied.............................................................................................................................29
9.1 Jeugddelicten..............................................................................................................................29
9.2 Uitzonderingen...........................................................................................................................29
10 Actoren............................................................................................................................................30
10.1 Politie........................................................................................................................................30
10.2 Openbaar Ministerie.................................................................................................................30
10.3 Onderzoeksrechter...................................................................................................................30
10.4 Jeugdgerechten........................................................................................................................30
10.5 Sociale dienst voor gerechtelijke jeugdhulpverlening..............................................................31
10.6 Advocatuur...............................................................................................................................31
11 Verloop van de procedure...............................................................................................................31
11.1 Fase 1 Onderzoeksfase: onderzoek naar de feiten...................................................................31
11.2 Het onderzoek naar de persoon en de leefomgeving...............................................................31
11.3 Afhandeling op het niveau OM.................................................................................................32
11.3.1 Seponeren..........................................................................................................................32
11.3.2 Bijzondere voorwaarden....................................................................................................32
, 11.3.3 Voorstel tot bemiddeling...................................................................................................33
11.3.4 Positief project...................................................................................................................33
11.4 Fase 2 voorbereidende rechtspleging.......................................................................................34
11.4.1 Minderjarige een herstelrechtelijk aanbod doen van bemiddeling of HERGO...................34
11.4.2 Verschil bemiddeling en HERGO........................................................................................35
11.4.3 Positief project uit te werken.............................................................................................35
11.4.4 Ambulante maatregel opleggen........................................................................................35
11.4.5 Voorwaarden opleggen.....................................................................................................36
11.4.6 Toevertrouwen aan gemeenschapsinstelling....................................................................36
11.4.7 Gesloten begeleiding in een afdeling van een gemeenschapsinstelling(3-6-9)..................36
11.5 Fase 3 rechtspleging ten gronde...............................................................................................37
11.5.1 Jeugdrechtbank kan herstelrechtelijk aanbod doen tot bemiddeling of HERGO...............37
11.5.2 Jeugdrechtbank de minderjarige berispen of meedelen dat de genomen maatregel
volstaat.........................................................................................................................................37
11.5.3 Positief project laten voorstellen.......................................................................................37
11.5.4 Ambulante sanctie opleggen.............................................................................................37
11.5.5 Jeugdrechtbank kan voorwaarden opleggen.....................................................................37
11.5.6 Beslissen tot gesloten oriëntatie in afdeling gemeenschapsinstelling...............................38
11.5.7 Gesloten begeleiding.........................................................................................................38
11.5.8 Gesloten begeleiding voor 2, 5 of 7 jaar............................................................................38
12 De gemeenschapsinstellingen.........................................................................................................38
12.1 4 fasen in de gesloten begeleiding............................................................................................38
13 Kenmerken reacties in het jeugddeliquentierecht...........................................................................39
13.1 Beslissingscriteria......................................................................................................................39
13.2 subsidiariteitsprincipe...............................................................................................................39
13.3 Herziening van de maatregelen................................................................................................39
13.4 Betrokkenheid van ouders........................................................................................................39
14 Uitzonderingen op de bevoegdheid van de jeugdrechtbank in het jeugddeliquentierecht.............39
14.1 Uithandengeving.......................................................................................................................39
14.2 Toepassingsgebied....................................................................................................................39
14.3 Procedure.................................................................................................................................40
14.3.1 gevolgen Uithandengeving................................................................................................40
14.4 Interventie bij verkeersmisdrijf.................................................................................................40
14.4.1 Inleiding.............................................................................................................................40
14.4.2 toepassingsgebied.............................................................................................................40
14.4.3 gevolgen............................................................................................................................40
, 14.4.4 uitzonderingen...................................................................................................................41
14.5 De minderjarige en administratieve sancties............................................................................41
14.5.1 Gas boete...........................................................................................................................41
14.5.2 andere sanctiesystemen ook op minderjarigen toepassen................................................41
15 Inleidende begrippen.......................................................................................................................42
16 Doelstellingen Decreet integrale jeugdhulpverlening (IJH)..............................................................42
17 Algemene principes.........................................................................................................................42
17.1 Schema jeugdhulpverlening......................................................................................................43
18 Niet rechtstreeks toegankelijke jeugdhulp......................................................................................44
18.1 Aanmelden bij de intersectorale toegangspoort......................................................................44
18.2 2 teams bij de intersectorale toegangspoort............................................................................44
19 Vrijwillige en gerechtelijke hulpverlening........................................................................................44
19.1 Vrijwillige hulpverlening...........................................................................................................44
19.2 Gerechtelijke jeugdhulpverlening.............................................................................................45
19.2.1 Verloop..............................................................................................................................45
19.2.2 Vorderingsgronden van het OM........................................................................................45
20 De gerechtelijke maatregelen..........................................................................................................45
20.1 pedagogische richtlijn..............................................................................................................46
20.2 Ondertoezichtstelling...............................................................................................................46
20.3 opvoedend project...................................................................................................................46
20.4 ‘begeleiding’.............................................................................................................................46
20.5 ‘dagopvang’..............................................................................................................................46
20.6 ‘diagnostiek’.............................................................................................................................46
20.7 ‘behandeling’............................................................................................................................46
20.8 ‘training’...................................................................................................................................46
20.9 ‘verblijf’.....................................................................................................................................46
20.10 ‘beveiligd verblijf’...................................................................................................................47
20.11 geschikte open instelling........................................................................................................47
20.12 psychiatrische instelling..........................................................................................................47
20.13 afdeling gemeenschapsinstelling............................................................................................47
20.14 geschikte gesloten instelling..................................................................................................47
21 Basiswetgeving................................................................................................................................48
22 Toepassingsgebied...........................................................................................................................48
23 Bekwaamheid minderjarige in de jeugdhulp...................................................................................48
24 De verschillende rechten van de minderjarige................................................................................49
24.1 Recht op jeugdhulp...................................................................................................................49
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