Inhoud
1. Inleiding tot het recht.........................................................................................................................3
1.1 Algemene inleiding.......................................................................................................................3
1.1.1 Verantwoording.....................................................................................................................3
1.1.2 Wat is recht?..........................................................................................................................3
1.2 Indelingen van het recht...............................................................................................................5
1.2.1 Privaatrecht...........................................................................................................................5
1.2.2 Publiekrecht...........................................................................................................................6
1.2.3 Materieel strafrecht...............................................................................................................6
1.2.4 Gemengd recht......................................................................................................................7
1.2.5 Burgerlijke subjectieve rechten..............................................................................................7
1.2.6 Rechtsmisbruik......................................................................................................................8
1.2.7 Formeel recht.........................................................................................................................8
1.2.8 Materieel recht......................................................................................................................8
1.3 Bronnen van het recht................................................................................................................11
1.3.1 Wetgeving sensu lato (bindende bronnen)..........................................................................11
1.3.2 Rechtspraak = gezaghebbend..............................................................................................13
1.3.3 Rechtsleer............................................................................................................................14
1.3.4 Gewoonte............................................................................................................................14
1.3.5 Algemene rechtsbeginselen.................................................................................................14
1.4 Structuren en instellingen...........................................................................................................15
1.4.1 Algemene beginselen...........................................................................................................15
1.4.2 Federale politieke instellingen (Wetgevende macht)...........................................................18
1.4.3 Regionale politieke instellingen...........................................................................................21
1.5 Rechtshandhaving.......................................................................................................................23
1.5.1 Privaatrechtelijk procesrecht...............................................................................................23
1.5.2 Rechtsmiddelen...................................................................................................................26
1.5.3 Gewone gerechtelijke instellingen.......................................................................................27
1.5.4 Rechtbanken en hoven........................................................................................................28
1.5.5 Bijzondere instellingen: Raad van State – Grondwettelijk Hof.............................................33
2. Personen, familie-en relatievermogensrecht....................................................................................34
2.1 Personenrecht.............................................................................................................................34
2.1.1 Begrip en soorten................................................................................................................34
2.1.2 Persoonlijke publiciteit – burgerlijke stand..........................................................................36
2.2 Familierecht................................................................................................................................38
, 2.2.1 Wie is familie?......................................................................................................................38
2.2.2 Samenlevingsvormen...........................................................................................................38
2.2.3 Huwelijk...............................................................................................................................39
2.2.4 Echtscheiding.......................................................................................................................41
2.3 Relatievermogenrecht................................................................................................................44
3. Goederenrecht..................................................................................................................................48
3.1 Goederen....................................................................................................................................48
3.1.1 Soorten en belang................................................................................................................48
3.2 Zakelijke rechten.........................................................................................................................50
4. Nalatenschappen, schenkingen en testamenten..............................................................................53
4.1 Het intestaat erfrecht..................................................................................................................53
4.2 Schenkingen................................................................................................................................55
4.3 Testamenten...............................................................................................................................55
5. Verbintenissenrecht..........................................................................................................................58
5.1 Verbintenissenrecht....................................................................................................................58
5.2 Verbintenissen uit overeenkomst...............................................................................................59
5.3 Verbintenissen uit quasi-contracte.............................................................................................63
6. Verbintenissen uit onrechtmatige daad............................................................................................63
7. Bijzondere overeenkomsten.............................................................................................................66
7.1 Koop............................................................................................................................................66
7.2 Huur............................................................................................................................................67
7.3 Aannemingsovereenkomst.........................................................................................................69
7.4 Lening.........................................................................................................................................69
7.5 Bewaargeving.............................................................................................................................70
7.6 Lastgeving...................................................................................................................................70
7.7 Borgtocht....................................................................................................................................70
8. Zekerheden.......................................................................................................................................71
8.1 Zekerheden.................................................................................................................................71
9. Bewijs...............................................................................................................................................72
9.1 Het bewijs...................................................................................................................................72
10. Verjaring.........................................................................................................................................75
10.1 De verjaring..............................................................................................................................75
, 1. Inleiding tot het recht
1.1 Algemene inleiding
1.1.1 Verantwoording
● Recht is zaak van alle burgers
● Iedereen wordt met recht geconfronteerd
● Recht ≠ moraal
● Recht ≠ godsdienstige regels
● Regels zijn nodig om ons maatschappelijk leven te structureren of te ordenen
1.1.2 Wat is recht?
2 soorten :
Subjectieve rechten
o = aanspraken die een persoon tegenover een ander laat gelden
o Vb. trouwen, eigenaar te zijn van een fiets,..
Objectieve rechten
o = geheel van normen die de menselijke activiteiten, de onderlinge verhouding tussen
mensen en hun verhouding tot de gemeenschap regelen (=rechtsregels)
Een geheel van algemeen geldende normatieve regels
● Verbodsbepalingen -> je mag niet
● Gebodsbepalingen -> je moet
● Normen die toelating bevatten -> je mag
● Organieke regels -> organiseren
● Dwingend recht
o Moet nageleefd worden
o Openbare orde
● Aanvullend recht
o Men kan ervan afwijken
o Vb. huurder mag onderverhuren, indien dit recht hem niet is ontzegd
● Algemene normen
, o Rechter bepaald of de wet al dan niet van toepassing is
● Individuele normen
o Weinig !
Door de staat opgelegde of ontvangen en bekrachtigde normen :
● Meerdere mensen samenwerken om goed te kunnen functioneren
● Opgelegd door de staat
o Onderwijs = gemeenschap
o Ruimtelijke ordening = gewest
Afdwingbare normen (=regels)
Sancties voorzien, rechtbanken
Vb. door rood licht gereden -> vervolgd worden voor politierechtbank (overtreding)
Normen die de ordening van het maatschappelijke leven beogen
Ordening = het hoofddoel van het recht
Internationaal recht: verdragen; Europees recht
Nationaal recht: rechtsregels die tot stand komen door federale overheid, gemeenschappen en
gewesten en provincies en gemeenten
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