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Adolescent development HC8

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Uitgebreide aantekeningen adolescent development HC8

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  • March 13, 2018
  • 10
  • 2017/2018
  • Class notes
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Love and sex – Judtih Dubas

None of the following research results in this lectures is totally representive (bias). Some are
not in a relationship, some have cultural norms, some lie.

Part 1: love
 Adolescent romance: setting the stage & definitions
 Theoretical perspectives
 Methodological issues

Adolescent romance
 Daydreaming about the person in front of you in class with whom you have never
spoken
 Claims to have a boyfriend, but denied by the boy. Some might not even know they
are in a relationship, even though the other person say they are.
 Talk on phone everyday (or texting), but never seen in public together for fear of
being ridiculed
 Going together but only spend time together with other members of their crowd. Not
going out by the two of them.
 Going steady for 3 years (the “real” thing)

Fantasies to interactions to relationships = romantic experiences

Romance
 Love or romance is central theme in 68% of pop Music
 Dating or romance is one of top 5 script themes for adolescent characters on TV
 Adolescent girls attribute 34% of their strong emotions to real or fantasized
heterosexual relationships
 Adolescent boys 25%
o Substantially higher than any other topic
 Organizing principles of peer culture (who likes whom, who dates whom?)
 Focal topic of conversation in their leisure time
 Last lecture: peer relations. Adolescent romantic relations are the most important!
Most of the focus goes to sexual relationships, not romantic relationships.

Romantic relationship
 Romantic relationship = mutually acknowledged ongoing voluntary interactions.
 Compared to other peer relationships, romantic ones typically have a distinctive
intensity, commonly marked by expressions of affection and current or anticipated
sexual behavior.
 Applies to same-gender, as well as mixed-gender, relationships.

Romantic experiences
 Refers to activities and processes that include romantic relationships and also
behavioral, cognitive, and emotional phenomena that do not involve direct
experiences with a romantic partner.
 Includes (which we don’t always measure in research):
o Fantasies and one-sided attractions (“crushes”)
o Interactions with potential romantic partners (including flirting)
o Brief, nonromantic sexual encounters (e.g., “hooking up,” or casual
involvement in activities usually thought to take place with romantic partners,
from “making out” to intercourse)

, Adolescent romance
 Focus from parents to age-peers.
 Romantic relationships support the development of interpersonal skills, and promote
a sense of identity.
 Experiment with romantic relations (learning how to interact, differently from friends)
o May facilitate healthy relations in adulthood.
 Opportunities to gain skills in the expression and regulation of emotions, empathy and
intimacy

Developmental progression of romantic and sexual interest and behavior
 8-11 (Pre and early puberty) adrenarche (APG-axis)
o Increase of testosteron
 First crush
 Sexual attraction
 Sexual arousal
 More awareness of social rules

12-17 mid and late pubery
 Gender intensification (boys and girls people starts to develop like a girly girl, or
tombot etc.)
 Gender binary
 Conformity increases and then subsides
 Romantic relationships
 Duration longer
 More intense
 Some life-long partners (high school sweethearts)
 Sexual experiences increase

Intimacy as an adolescent issue
 Not until adolescence do truly intimate relationships first emerge
 Characteristics of true intimacy:
o Openness, honesty, self-disclosure, and trust (we have this as well in
friendships)
 Intimacy becomes an important concern due to changes of
o Puberty (pubertal changes!)
o Cognitive changes
o Social changes

De intimiteit die we hebben met same sex peers helps us to learn how to be intimate with a
romantic partner.

What is intimacy?
 Intimacy involves a relationship where two or more people reveal personal thoughts
and information about each other.
 Comfortable revealing themselves in an intimate relationship
o Feel comfort and support from the other person
o Intimicy versus isolation: identity comes before intimicy
o Je moet jezelf kennen, voordat je jezelf kunt blootgeven
 Physical closeness usually comes along with intimacy

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