THE COMPLETE GUIDE TO TRANSITION METALS! Covers topics including ligand substitution reactions, including all required subsitutions, chelates effect, reactions of metal ions in aqueous solution, covers all required equations and observations, catalysts, including autocatalysis, redox titrations, as...
② HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSTS
· These work by forming intermediates to provide an alternate reaction pathway with a lower Ea
· The intermediate species reacts to form the products , and reforms the catalyst -
·
Homogeneous Catalysts have a unique energy profile diagram
.
Homogeneous energy profiles
have 2 activation energies !
A
------------- = Activation energy with
No
Catalyst
------------- ------
~
-
-------------------- - = Activation
energy
with
A Catalyst -
1st step-
/
- -
- -
h - -
REACTANTS
& =
Activation energy with
catalyst 2nd stes
-
·
Intermediates are
formed at this point . ↳
The lowers the
catalyst
activation energy so
PRODUCTS more particles have
to react.
enough energy
⑭
REACTION PROGRESS
EXAMPLE HOMOGENEOUS CATALYST factions
Of
-
Catalysed by
↳ REACTION BETWEEN IODIDEIONS AND PEROXODISULFATE IONS
· The reaction uncatalysed is very slow .
We are trying to react two negatively charged ions together , which
REPEL .
As a result ,
this reaction has a high activation energy
.
enal catalyst
250 +"
S20gag + 2
l jag >
[2caq) +
ag)
This occurs in 2 stages :
Oxidised
CATALYST -
Fet catalyst lowers Ea and speeds us
① 3 c 08
ag
+
2fecass >
- 25est
(ag)
+ 250 , caa)
reaction
. Peroxodisulfate is REDUCED
- INTERMEDIATE
reduced
2 fet
② Ife lag +
21 jag) >
-
Ezcag) +
(aq)
Fest intermediate reacts with iodide ions
INTERMEDIATE CATALYST
REFORMED
to produce !2 - felt is REFORMED
↓
TEST FOR IODINE : Starch solution turns blue-black in presence of J2 .
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