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Samenvatting Penologie en Penitentiair recht
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PPT en lesnotities jaar '23-'24
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INHOUDSOPGAVE1. Penologie en penitentiair recht .................................................................................. 10
Wat is penologie .................................................................................................................. 10
Bestraffing als complex gegeven/instituut .......................................................................... 11
Empirisch onderzoek ............................................................................................................ 12
Begrip penitentiair recht en benaderingen .......................................................................... 13
Doel cursus? ......................................................................................................................... 13
Straffen: een penologische introductie ............................................................................. 14
Juridische indeling................................................................................................................ 14
Belangrijkste hoofdstraffen in België ............................................................................... 14
Subsidiaire of bijkomende straffen .................................................................................. 14
Vervangende straffen (CONSENSUELE straffen) .............................................................. 14
Toepassing van de straffen .............................................................................................. 15
Straffen in de gemeenschap (“alternatieve straffen”) Gemeenschapsgerichte straffen. .... 15
Eerste generatie, jaren 1960 ............................................................................................ 15
Tweede generatie gemeenschapsgerichte straffen = autonome straffen ...................... 16
3 autonome hoofdstraffen ............................................................................................... 16
Autonome straffen............................................................................................................... 16
Autonome werkstraf: 2002 .............................................................................................. 16
Straf onder elektronisch toezicht: wet 7 februari 2014 ................................................... 17
Autonome probatiestraf: wet 10 april 2014 .................................................................... 17
Toepassing van de autonome straffen : conclusie ........................................................... 18
Belangrijke kwesties als we nadenken over straf ................................................................ 18
2. De doodstraf .............................................................................................................. 18
Enkele belangrijke begrippen .............................................................................................. 18
VN: Internationaal verdrag inzake burgerlijke en politieke rechten .................................... 19
De doodstraf in cijfers .......................................................................................................... 19
Schendingen internationale verdragen door amnesty international ................................... 20
De doodstraf in Europa .................................................................................................... 20
De abolitistische beweging .................................................................................................. 20
Cesare Beccaria (1738-1794) => 18e eeuw ....................................................................... 20
Grote abolitionistische golf na WOII in europa ................................................................ 21
Huidige situatie .................................................................................................................... 21
De doodstraf in België ...................................................................................................... 22
16e en 17e eeuw ................................................................................................................... 22
18e eeuw .............................................................................................................................. 22
, Voor- en tegenstanders .................................................................................................... 22
Code pénal 1791 en 1810 .................................................................................................... 22
Koninkrijk der Nederlanden 1815-1830 ............................................................................... 22
Hollandse periode ................................................................................................................ 22
Na Belgische revolutie : BE onafhankelijk ............................................................................ 23
Verzet tegen koninklijk genaderecht ................................................................................... 23
Abolitisten ............................................................................................................................ 24
Wereldoorlogen ................................................................................................................... 24
WOI .................................................................................................................................. 24
WOII ................................................................................................................................. 25
Doodstraf in België ........................................................................................................... 25
De verenigde staten van Amerika..................................................................................... 26
De rol van het Amerikaanse Hooggerechtshof .................................................................... 26
VS: De publieke opinie over de doodstraf ............................................................................ 27
Publieke opinie in andere landen ......................................................................................... 27
De doodstraf pro-contra................................................................................................... 27
Vergelding ........................................................................................................................... 27
AFSCHRIKKING ..................................................................................................................... 28
Neutralisatie ........................................................................................................................ 28
Discriminatie ........................................................................................................................ 28
Kostprijs ............................................................................................................................... 28
3. Internering................................................................................................................. 29
Geschiedenis ........................................................................................................................ 29
Voor 1930: Geen internering ........................................................................................... 29
Kritiek => Wet op bescherming van de Maatschappij ...................................................... 30
Wet Van 1930: ter bescherming van de MY tegen gewoontemisdadigers en abnormalen
.......................................................................................................................................... 30
Kritiek op wet 1930 .......................................................................................................... 31
Reactie wet van 1964 ....................................................................................................... 31
Interneringswet 2007 (NOOIT in werking getreden) ........................................................ 31
Verandering in de praktijk ................................................................................................ 32
Internationale kritiek op belgië nam toe .......................................................................... 32
Periodiek bezoek van CPT aan FPC Gent .......................................................................... 33
CPT over de behandeling in FPD...................................................................................... 33
Wet 5 mei 2014 betreffende de internering ........................................................................ 34
Doelstelling interneringsmaatregel .................................................................................. 34
Wanneer internering? ...................................................................................................... 34
Expertenverslag door psychiater art. 5 ............................................................................ 35
, Uitvoering – zorglandschap .............................................................................................. 35
Na INTERNERINGSBESLISSING: kamer voor de bescherming van de maatschappij (KBM)
bij de strafuitvoeringsrechtbank (SURB) .......................................................................... 36
Internering voor veroordeelden....................................................................................... 37
Praktijk van de internering .................................................................................................. 37
Blijvende problemenen .................................................................................................... 37
Geïnterneerde personen zonder verblijfsrecht..................................................................... 37
Geen verblijfsrecht ........................................................................................................... 37
VILO .................................................................................................................................. 38
De facto uitsluiting van andere modaliteiten in België .................................................... 38
Terbeschikkingstelling van de strafuitvoeringsrechtbank (TBS) ........................................ 39
Wet van 26 april 2007 ...................................................................................................... 39
Uitvoering ......................................................................................................................... 40
Nieuw strafwetboek ......................................................................................................... 41
Quid Beveiligingsperiode? ................................................................................................ 41
4. Penologische/straf doelstellingen, recidive en effectiviteit van straffen ..................... 41
Penologische BENADERING: penologisch/strafrechtstheoretische benadering ( !!!!!!) (<->
Maatschappelijk) ................................................................................................................. 41
Verschillende niveaus van doelstellingen: denkers (1976) .............................................. 42
Instrumentele doelstellingen: straftheorieen/benaderingen ......................................... 42
Instrumentele doelstellingen : Hypbride modellen ......................................................... 47
Intrinsinsieke doelstelling................................................................................................. 47
Organisationele doelstellingen......................................................................................... 48
Conflicterende doelstellingen .............................................................................................. 48
Tussen organisationele/ organisatorische doelstellingen............................................... 48
Organisationele vs. Instrumentele en intrinsieke doelstellingen ................................... 49
Tussen instrumentele doelstellingen ............................................................................... 49
Tussen intrinsieke doelstellingen..................................................................................... 50
Instrumentele vs. Intrinsieke doelstellingen ................................................................... 50
Conclusie .......................................................................................................................... 50
Recidive/effectiviteit ............................................................................................................ 51
Empririsch onderzoek....................................................................................................... 51
5.. Maatschappelijke benadering van bestraffing ............................................................. 52
Deel 1: Maatschappelijke aspecten van penaliteit .............................................................. 52
David Garland (1990) ....................................................................................................... 53
Durkheims expressief perspectief (1858-1917) ............................................................... 54
Marxistisch sociaal-economisch perspectief .................................................................... 56
Webers rationaliseringsperspectief ................................................................................. 57
Foucaults disciplineringsperspectief ................................................................................ 58
Elias’ civilisatieperspectief................................................................................................ 58
Elias’ psychosociaal perspectief ....................................................................................... 59
Conclusie .......................................................................................................................... 60
, Deel 2: Bestraffing als maatschappelijke en penale constructie ......................................... 60
UITGANGSPUNT ............................................................................................................... 60
Bestraffing als maatschappelijke constructie ................................................................... 61
Bestraffing als sociale constructie .................................................................................... 62
Externe factoren ............................................................................................................... 62
Interne factoren: SRS en beleid ........................................................................................ 64
Selectiviteit van de strafrechtsbedeling ........................................................................... 65
Intermediaire factoren: Publieke Opinie, politiek, media ................................................ 65
Conclusie .......................................................................................................................... 66
6.. Het Belgische penitentiaire beleid: verleden en heden ................................................ 66
Voor 1830 ............................................................................................................................ 67
16e eeuw: tuchthuizen ..................................................................................................... 67
18e eeuw: verlichting: kritiek, bescherming dader ........................................................... 67
Cellulair systeem vanaf 1830 ............................................................................................... 68
Onafhankelijkheid van België ........................................................................................... 68
! Controle en isolatie ........................................................................................................ 69
Gevangenisregime ............................................................................................................ 69
Leuven centraal (1860)..................................................................................................... 69
Sint Gillis (1884) ............................................................................................................... 70
Gent (1862) ...................................................................................................................... 70
Antwerpen (1855) ............................................................................................................ 70
Dendermonde (1863) ....................................................................................................... 70
Mechelen (1874) .............................................................................................................. 70
Leuven hulp (1869)........................................................................................................... 70
Turnhout (1908) ............................................................................................................... 70
Dinant (33 gedet.) ............................................................................................................ 70
Namur ( 1874) .................................................................................................................. 70
Mons (1870) ..................................................................................................................... 70
Cellulair systeem vanaf 1830 ............................................................................................... 71
Interbellum: opkomst positivisme........................................................................................ 71
Merksplas (LANDLOPERSKOLONIE) (1825) ....................................................................... 73
Wortel (VAN 1880 tot 1993 landloperskolonie) ............................................................... 73
Penitentair landbouwcentrul RUISELEDE: 1849: opvang landlopers; 1936: open
gevangenis........................................................................................................................ 73
Na WOII: opkomst gemeenschapsregime............................................................................ 73
Start humaniseringsbeweging .......................................................................................... 73
Classificatie van gedetineerden (veiligheid als criterium) ............................................... 74
Resocialisatiebeweging (internationaal) .......................................................................... 74
Open gevangenis: hoogstraten ........................................................................................ 75
Vrouwenafdeling hoogstraten ......................................................................................... 75
Open gevangenis: Saint Hubert (1972) ............................................................................ 76
Penitentiaire beroering in jaren 1970 .............................................................................. 76
HOOGBOUW: Lantin ( 1979) ............................................................................................ 76
Penitentiair complex Brugge (1991) ................................................................................. 76
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