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Samenvatting inleiding tot de rechtswetenschap (criminologie)
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Samenvatting bevat ppt's verwerkt met notities + boek samengevat. Les gekregen in mijn eerste semester van Bram en Sebastien.
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INHOUDSOPGAVEAfdeling 1: wat is recht? ....................................................................................................................................... 5
1.1. onderscheid objectief en subjectief recht................................................................................................. 5
Definitie: wat is recht? objectieve en subjectieve invulling............................................................................ 5
1.2. Klassieke definitie van het objectieve recht ............................................................................................. 8
1.2.1. Imperatief karakter → rechtsregels verbieden of gebieden ......................................................... 9
1.2.2. Regelt uitsluitend menselijk en uitwendig gedrag ........................................................................ 10
1.2.3. Algemeen of onpersoonlijk ............................................................................................................... 10
1.2.4. Onbepaalde werkingsfeer ................................................................................................................. 11
1.2.5. Afdwingbaar door overheid .............................................................................................................. 11
1.2.6. Doel van het recht Ordening maatschappij ................................................................................... 17
1.3. Enkele begrippen inzake het objectieve recht ......................................................................................18
1.3.1. Positief recht ....................................................................................................................................... 19
1.3.2. Gemeen recht versus bijzonder recht ............................................................................................ 19
1.3.2.1. Gemeen recht v. bijzonder recht – regels van toepassing op verbintenissen.......................... 22
1.3.3. Formeel en materieel recht................................................................................................................... 27
1.3.4. aanvullend recht , gewoon dwingend recht en recht van openbare orde .................................... 27
1.4. Indeling en inhoud van het objectieve recht ..............................................................................................32
Publiekrecht vs. privaatrecht ............................................................................................................................. 33
ondernemingsrecht 1 – concept ‘onderneming’ ........................................................................................... 37
ondernemingsrecht 2 – gevolgen van ‘onderneming zijn’ .......................................................................... 38
intern, internationaal en buitenlands recht ..................................................................................................... 38
Oefening............................................................................................................................................................... 40
Afdeling 2: fundamentele kenmerken van het Belgische staatsbestel ...........................................................40
2.1. rechtsstaat ...................................................................................................................................................41
gebondenheid van overheden aan het recht ................................................................................................. 41
rechtstaat en democratie .................................................................................................................................. 41
beslissing bij meerderheid, maar bescherming van minderheid ................................................................. 42
effectieve rechtsbescherming ........................................................................................................................... 42
2.2. scheiding der machten ..............................................................................................................................42
2.2.1. wetgevende macht ............................................................................................................................ 43
2.2.2. uitvoerende macht ............................................................................................................................. 44
2.2.3. rechterlijke macht............................................................................................................................... 44
2.3. soevereiniteit van de natie (filosofisch begrip) .....................................................................................46
Interne en externe soevereiniteit ..................................................................................................................... 46
niet de volkssoevereiniteit ................................................................................................................................. 46
2.4. erfelijke parlementaire monarchie ...........................................................................................................47
onschendbaarheid en politieke onverantwoordelijkheid van de koning .................................................... 47
2.5. federale staat ontstaan uit een gecentraliseerde eenheidsstaat ........................................................48
Afdeling 3: wet als bron van recht .....................................................................................................................49
,3.1. bronnen van het objectieve recht: algemeen ........................................................................................49
3.1.1. Het begrip rechtsbron kan verschillende betekenissen aannemen........................................... 49
3.1.2. overzicht van de formele rechtsbronnen ....................................................................................... 50
3.2. verschillende betekenissen van het begrip wet in de juridische taal .................................................52
formele wet.......................................................................................................................................................... 53
materiële wet....................................................................................................................................................... 53
3.3. materiële en formele wet ..........................................................................................................................54
3.4. kenmerken van de (materiële) wet ........................................................................................................55
basiskenmerken .................................................................................................................................................. 55
Overzicht van de wetten ................................................................................................................................... 55
Belang van het onderscheid tussen materiële en formele wetten ............................................................. 56
Oefeningen .......................................................................................................................................................... 58
3.5. SOORTEN wetgeving ................................................................................................................................ 59
3.6. federale wetgeving .....................................................................................................................................61
§1 Grondwet ....................................................................................................................................................... 61
§2 wetten in formele zin ................................................................................................................................... 64
§3 soorten formele wetten ............................................................................................................................... 69
§4 koninklijke besluiten (kb)............................................................................................................................ 74
§5 ministeriële besluiten (mb) ........................................................................................................................ 76
§6 BESLUITEN VAN DE STAATSSECRETARISSEN...................................................................................... 77
3.7. lokale wetgeving .........................................................................................................................................78
§1 gedecentraliseerde besturen ...................................................................................................................... 78
§2 provincies ....................................................................................................................................................... 80
§3 gemeenten..................................................................................................................................................... 83
3.8. communautaire en regionale rechtsorden .............................................................................................85
§1 schets van de staatshervormingen ............................................................................................................ 85
§2 BEVOEGDHEIDSVERDELING tussen de federale staat, de gemeenschappen en de gewesten ... 90
§3 COMMUNAUTAIRE en regionale gezagsorganisatie .............................................................................. 98
§4 Decreten ..................................................................................................................................................... 100
§5 Regeringsbesluiten .................................................................................................................................... 102
§6 ‘ministeriële’ besluiten op deelstaatniveau ............................................................................................ 103
3.9. bronnen van internationaal recht.......................................................................................................... 104
§1 verdragen .................................................................................................................................................... 104
3.9.1. supranationale rechtsvorming ....................................................................................................... 110
3.10. hiëarchie der normen ......................................................................................................................... 123
§1 algemeen .................................................................................................................................................... 123
§2 exceptie van onwettigheid bij de gewone rechter ............................................................................... 125
§3 administratief of bestuurlijk toezicht....................................................................................................... 128
§4 annulatieberoep en rechtsherstel in natura of bij equivalent voor de raad van state .................... 129
§5 toetsing van de formele wet door de gewone rechter........................................................................ 135
§6 toetsing van de formele wet door het Grondwettelijk Hof (gw) ....................................................... 137
3.10. hiërarchie der normen – PRO MEMORIE - TER HERRINNERING .............................................. 147
3.11. NIET TE KENNEN ............................................................................................................................... 151
, 3.12. toepassingen van de wet in de ruimte en in de tijd...................................................................... 151
A. probleem van conflicterende rechtsnormen ........................................................................................... 151
B. schema voor wetsconflicten in de tijd ..................................................................................................... 152
C. principe: onmiddellijke werking ................................................................................................................ 153
D. uitzondering 1: eerbiedigende werking .................................................................................................. 155
E. uitzondering 2: retroactieve werking ....................................................................................................... 156
F. vereenvoudigd stappenplan ...................................................................................................................... 157
Afdeling 4: andere rechtsbronnen? ................................................................................................................ 158
4.1 rechtspraak en gerechtelijke organisaties ........................................................................................... 158
§1 inrichting van hoven en rechtbanken ..................................................................................................... 158
§2 beginselen burgerlijke rechtspleging ...................................................................................................... 166
4.2 algemene rechtsbeginselen ................................................................................................................... 170
§1 definitie ........................................................................................................................................................ 170
§2 bespreking van aantal algemene rechtsbeginselen ............................................................................. 172
4.3 gewoonte.................................................................................................................................................. 173
§1 algemeen .................................................................................................................................................... 173
§2 kenmerken van het gewoonterecht........................................................................................................ 173
§3 verhouding tussen de gewoonte en de wet ......................................................................................... 174
4.4 rechtsleer .................................................................................................................................................. 175
ADELING 5: RECHTSSUBJECTEN, RECHTSOBJECTEN -, RECHTSFEITEN EN RECHTSHANDELINGEN 175
5.1. rechtssubjecten............................................................................................................................................ 176
§1 natuurlijke persoon .................................................................................................................................... 176
§2 rechtspersoon ............................................................................................................................................ 180
5.2. rechtsobjecten ......................................................................................................................................... 186
§1 definitie ........................................................................................................................................................ 186
§2 classificatie subjectieve rechten in functie van het rechtsobject ....................................................... 186
§3 patrimoniale en extrapatrimoniale rechten ............................................................................................ 186
§4 zakelijke rechten, vorderingsrechten en intellectuele rechten ........................................................... 187
§5 lichamelijke en onlichamelijke rechten ................................................................................................... 191
§6 roerende en onroerende goederen ........................................................................................................ 191
§7 vermogen .................................................................................................................................................... 196
§8 rechtsmisbruik ............................................................................................................................................ 196
5.3. RECHTSFEITEN EN RECHTSHANDELINGEN .................................................................................... 198
§1 BEGRIPPEN RECHTSFEIT EN RECHTSHANDELING .......................................................................... 200
§2 ELEMENTEN VAN DE RECHTSHANDELING ....................................................................................... 200
§3 enkele fundamentele onderscheidingen m.b.t. contracten ................................................................. 211
§4 totstandkoming van het contract ............................................................................................................ 215
§5 tenietgaan van het contract ..................................................................................................................... 219
6.4. buitencontractuele aansprakelijkheid ................................................................................................... 224
§1 inleiding ....................................................................................................................................................... 224
§2 persoonlijke aansprakelijkheid ................................................................................................................. 226
§3 kwalitatieve aansprakelijkheid.................................................................................................................. 232
§4 samenloop en co-existentie ..................................................................................................................... 235
, afdeling 6: bewijsrecht ..................................................................................................................................... 238
6.1. bronnen van het bewijsrecht ................................................................................................................. 239
§1 wettelijke regels ......................................................................................................................................... 239
§2 conventionele regels ................................................................................................................................. 239
6.2. voorwerp van het bewijs ........................................................................................................................ 239
6.3. TYPE BEWIJSSTELSEL ........................................................................................................................... 240
§1. Gereglementeerd bewijs.......................................................................................................................... 240
§2. Vrij bewijs ................................................................................................................................................... 240
6.4. bewijslast – wie moet bewijzen?.......................................................................................................... 241
§1. Principe: Actori incumbit probatio .......................................................................................................... 241
§2. Uitzonderingen .......................................................................................................................................... 242
6.5. hiërarchie van de bewijsmiddelen ........................................................................................................ 242
§1. Primauteit van het geschreven bewijs .................................................................................................. 242
§2. Afwijking van artikel 8.9 BW ................................................................................................................... 243
§3. Vereisten geschreven bewijs .................................................................................................................. 243
§4. Bewijswaarde ............................................................................................................................................ 245
extra info examen ............................................................................................................................................. 245
INLEIDING TOT DE RECHTSWETENSCHAP
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