UTA INSY 2303 Study Guide Exam 3 Review Updated

UTA INSY 2303 Study Guide Exam 3 Review Updated Digital Revolution - an ongoing process of social, political, and economic change brought about by digital technology, such as microchips, computers, and the Internet. Convergence: - process by which several technologies with distinct functionalities evolve to form a single product The Web - a collection of linked documents, graphics, and audio that can be accessed over the Internet. Cloud Computing - provided access to information, applications, communications, and storage over the Interne Bits vs. Bytes - the word bit is an abbreviation for binary digit, it can be further abbreviated, usually as a lowercase b. A group of eight bits is called a byte and is usually abbreviated as an uppercase B Digital vs. Analog Data - Digital data is text, numbers, graphics, sound, and video that have been converted into discrete digits such as 0s and 1s. In contrast, analog data is represented using an infinite scale of values. Digitization - The process of converting information, such as text, numbers, photos, or music, into digital data Lossy Compression - throws away some of the original data during the compression process. Lossless Compression - provides a way to compress data and reconstitute it into its original state. Image Resolution vs. Aspect Ratio - the proportional relation between the width and height of an image or video frame. Video resolutions can be expressed as width × height, Pixel Interpolation - A process that is used by graphics software to average the color of adjacent pixels in an image, usually when the image is enlarged. Audio Sampling Rate - refers to the number of times per second that a sound is measured during the recording process Data vs. Information - data is used by machines, such as computers; information is used by humans. Bitmap vs. Vector Graphics - consists of a set of instructions for creating a picture File Size - Vector graphics usually require less storage space than bitmaps. Easy of Editing - It is easier to edit an object in a vector graphic than an object in a bitmap graphic. Resizing - Vector graphics resize better than bitmaps Realism - • Vector graphics are not usually as realistic as bitmap images. 3-D Graphics - are based on vectors stored as a set of instructions describing the coordinates for lines and shapes in a three-dimensional space. Vectors - The vectors form a wireframe that acts in much the same way as the framework of a pop-up tent. Rending - The process of covering a wireframe with surface color and texture Ray Tracing - The technique for adding light and shadows to a 3-D image Instruction Set - The collection of instructions that a CPU is designed to process. Software - sets up a computer to do a specific task. Application - Computer programs that help users perform a specific task such as word processing. Also called application programs, applications, or programs. Operating - The software that controls the computer's use of its hardware resources, such as memory and disk storage space. Also, called an OS. Form - The configuration of a computer's system unit; examples include tower, mini-tower, and cube. Mainframe - A large, fast, and expensive computer generally used by businesses or government agencies to provide centralized storage, processing, and management for large amounts of data. Supercomputer - The fastest and most expensive type of computer, capable of processing trillions of instructions per second. Server - A computer or software on a network that supplies the network with data and storage. CPU - The main processing circuitry, or "chip," within a computer that contains the ALU, control unit, and registers ALU - (Arithmetic Logic Unit) The part of the CPU that performs arithmetic and logical operations on the numbers stored in its registers.