includes: functions of the urinary systems, kidney structure, nephron structure and types, gomerular filtration and regulation, kidney failure, kidney disease, causes of renal failure, stages of kidney disease, clinical manifestations
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Friday, 05/11/2021
Week 6, Lecture
Glomerular Structure and Function
Functions of the urinary systems
Maintain water balance
Maintains salt balance
Maintains blood pH
Excretion of metabolic waste products
Also has other functions
o Blood glucose regulation
Glucose re-uptake
Gluconeogenesis
Produces glucose from non-carbohydrates
o Endocrine gland
Renin
Regulates bp and kidney function
Erythropoietin
Stimulates production of RBC
o Metabolises vitamin D
Makes active
Regions of the urinary system
Kidneys
o Right kidney lower than left kidney to accommodate the liver
Renal artery
o Blood filtrated
Renal vein
o Filtrated
Bladder
Kidney structure
Protected by 2 layers of connective tissue
Fat capsule to cushion the kidneys
o Drop in position after a period of starvation due to loss of fat
Renal cortex
o Outside layer
Renal medulla
o Inside of the kidney
o Look like pyramids
o Kidney divided into lobes
Renal artery
o Brings in the blood full of waste
Nephrons
o Filtrate the blood
Renal vein
o Moves blood out of the kidney
o Clean blood
Ureter
o Removes waste as urine
Nephron structure
, 2
Friday, 05/11/2021
Week 6, Lecture
Comes in through the artery
o Afferent arterioles
Bowman’s Capsule
Glomerulus
Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct
Urine
Nephron types
Cortical nephron
o 85% of nephrons
Juxtamedullary nephrons
o Structurally the same
Nephron structure
Bowman’s capsule
o Two layers
o Important to allow for the filtration to happen
o Epithelial cell line
Basement membrane
o If you have a problem with this there may be blood in the urine
Filtration starts there and then move on tubule cells
o Important for absorption
o Reabsorb water and glucose
o Increased surface area
o Mas many mitochondria
o Also important for secretion
o Less absorption and secretion further to the end of this
Collecting duct
o Principle cells
o Intercalated cells
Nephron capillary beds
Artery carries oxygen
Moves through capillary bed
Goes through venules to vein
Kidneys have a portal system
o Renal artery
o Afferent arterioles
o Capillary bed
o Branch in to become an efferent arteriole
o Capillary bed
o Veins
o Renal vein
o Rena cava
Urine formation
Glomerular filtration
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