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Samenvatting criminologische sociologie
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Samenvatting inleiding sociologie + criminologische sociologie
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Inhoudsopgavehoofdstuk 1: situering van sociologische theorieën over criminaliteit.............................................................3
1.1. klassieke theorie (1).......................................................................................................................................3
Historische context...........................................................................................................................................3
KENMERKEN VAN STRAFFEN............................................................................................................................3
Klassieke theorie (2)..............................................................................................................................................3
Evaluatie van de klassieke school (Cesare beccaria & jeremy bentham)........................................................4
1.2. Overgang naar sociologische theorieën........................................................................................................5
1.3. Grondleggers van de sociologische benadering............................................................................................5
Ecologische theorie – adolphe quetelet...........................................................................................................5
Economische theorie – karl marx.....................................................................................................................7
anomietheorie – emile durkheim.....................................................................................................................9
Hoofstuk 2: sociaal-ecologische theorieën.................................................................................................... 13
2.1. Chicago school.............................................................................................................................................13
context............................................................................................................................................................13
SOCIOLOGIE EN CRIMINALITEIT.....................................................................................................................14
concentrische zone-theorie van Burgess.......................................................................................................14
2.2. sociale desorganisatie-theorie.....................................................................................................................16
2.3. evaluatie van sociaal ecologische theorieën...............................................................................................17
2.4. sociaal-ecologische theorieën: implicaties voor beleid (in praktijk)............................................................18
2.5. te kennen lesteksten SOCIAAL-ECOLOGISCHE THEORIEËN..........................................................................18
Hoofdstuk 3: anomietheorieën..................................................................................................................... 18
3.1. anomietheorie van R.Merton......................................................................................................................18
3.2. subculturentheorie van A.Cohen.................................................................................................................20
3.3. differentiële kansen-theorie van Rochard Cloward & Lloyd Ohlin...............................................................21
3.4. evaluatie anomietheorieën..........................................................................................................................22
3.5. implicaties voor beleid.................................................................................................................................22
3.6. TE KENNEN LESTEKSTEN ANOMIETHEORIEËN.............................................................................................23
Hoofdstuk 4: sociale procestheorieën........................................................................................................... 23
4.1. differentiële associatietheorie (e.Sutherland).............................................................................................23
4.2. neutraliseringstheorie (G.Sykes & D. Matza)..............................................................................................24
4.3. evaluatie sociale procestheorieën...............................................................................................................25
4.4. implicaties voor beleid.................................................................................................................................25
4.5. te kennen lesteksten....................................................................................................................................25
Hoofdstuk 5: controletheorieën................................................................................................................... 26
, 5.1. containment-theorie (W.Reckless)..............................................................................................................26
5.2. sociale band-theorie (T.Hirschi)...................................................................................................................27
5.3. evaluatie controletheorieëN........................................................................................................................28
5.4. implicaties voor beleid.................................................................................................................................28
5.5. te kennen lesteksten....................................................................................................................................29
hoofdstuk 6: sociale reactietheorieën.......................................................................................................... 29
6.1. voorlooper (G.H.Mead)................................................................................................................................29
6.2. labeling-theorie...........................................................................................................................................29
6.3. evaluatie sociale reactietheorieën...............................................................................................................33
6.4. implicaties voor beleid.................................................................................................................................34
6.5. te kennen lesteksten....................................................................................................................................34
hoofdstuk 7: conflictcriminologie................................................................................................................. 35
7.1. voorloper R. Dahrendorf..............................................................................................................................35
7.2. groepsconflicten-theorie..............................................................................................................................35
7.3. theorieën inzake “crime, law and order”.....................................................................................................37
7.4. sociaal realisme...........................................................................................................................................39
7.5. evaluatie conflictcriminologie.....................................................................................................................41
7.6. implicaties voor beleid.................................................................................................................................41
7.7. te kennen lesteksten....................................................................................................................................41
hoofdstuk 8: kritische criminologie............................................................................................................... 41
8.1. radicale criminologie...................................................................................................................................41
8.2. LINKS REALISME...........................................................................................................................................43
8.4. EVALUATIE KRITISCHE CRIMINOLOGIE........................................................................................................44
8.5. IMPLICATIES VOOR BELEID..........................................................................................................................44
8.6. TE KENNEN LESTEKSTEN..............................................................................................................................44
Extra: info over examen les 28/11......................................................................................................................45
,CRIMINOLOGISCHE SOCIOOGIE
HOOFDSTUK 1: SITUERING VAN SOCIOLOGISCHE
THEORIEËN OVER CRIMINALITEIT
1.1. KLASSIEKE THEORIE (1)
HISTORISCHE CONTEXT
Grote transities in de 18de en 19de eeuw in Europa
Van feodaliteit (gebaseerd op een band tussen leenman &
leenheer) naar moderniteit.
Van brutale lichamelijke bestraffing (=niet rationeel) naar op
regels gefundeerde, institutionele sanctie (=rationeel).
Fundamentele rechten van de mens.
Cesare Beccaria: dei delitti e delle pene over misdrijven en
straffen(1764 verlichtingstijd)
- Doelstellingen van straffen is preventie
- ‘Let the punishment fit the crime.’
- Visie van utilitarisme (mensen doen wat ze denken dat goed
is voor zichzelf en naasten)met homo rationalis (rationele mens)
onmogelijk maken om dezelfde vormen van criminaliteit nog uit te
voeren
KENMERKEN VAN STRAFFEN
- Openbaar
- Snel
- Noodzakelijk
- De ‘juiste’ straf
- Proportioneel hoe zwaarder de straf hoe zwaarder de strafmaat
(in verhouding)
- ‘nulla poena sine lege’ (geen straf zonder wet)
KLASSIEKE THEORIE (2)
Jeremy Bentham
- Criminaliteit is inbreuk op het ‘greatest happiness principe’
maximale geluk in de maatschappij dat door criminaliteit vaak
wegvalt of verminderd.
, - Achterliggende visie van de “hedontische calculus”
- Invloed op penologische en juridische praktijk
panopticon gevangenis = in het middelpunt zitten de bewakers, ze
kunnen alles zien vanuit het midden, vanuit controleperspectief kan je
de gevangenis dus met twee kunnen bewaken.
Met minimale middelen een overzicht te bewaren.
Panopticon = geheel overzien
EVALUATIE VAN DE KLASSIEKE SCHOOL (CESARE BECCARIA & JEREMY
BENTHAM)
Sterktes
o Lot in eigen handen nemen
o Rationele visie op mens en samenleving
Zwaktes
o Geen oog voor oorzaken van criminaliteit
o Weinig oog coor types van criminaliteit
o Is plegen van misdaad echt een ‘vrije’ keuze?
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