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Samenvatting anatomie 2e semeseter $4.77
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Samenvatting anatomie 2e semeseter

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samenvatting anatomie 2e semester

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  • December 22, 2023
  • 52
  • 2022/2023
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H6: Regionale anatomie van de rug/hals regio
De rug:
Skelet:
- Wervelkolom
- Prox. ribben
- Bovenste deel bekken
- Post. basis schedel
Functies van de rug:
1. Steun
a. Lichaamsgewicht + overdracht krachten +
positionering hoofd + beweging BL
b. 2 curvatura:
i. Thoracale en sacrale kyfose (prim., hol)
ii. Cervicale en lumbale lordose (sec., bol)
2. Beweging
a. Extrinsieke rugspieren (ledematen & ribben)
b. Intrinsieke rugspieren: houding & beweging
wervelkolom
i. Flexie/extensie
ii. Lateroflexie
iii. Rotatie
3. Bescherming zenuwstelsel
Bouw wervel/wervelkanaal:
1. Corpus vertebrae
2. Arcus vertebrae
a. Pediculus
b. Lamina
3. proc. spinosus
4. Proc. transversus 1
2
thoracale wervel: gewrichtsvlakjes en proc. spinosus
staat in hoek naar beneden
4
Discus intervertebralis
Dura mater
3
Ararchnoidea mater
Pia mater
Lig. Logitudenale post. proc. articularis inf. (4)

,MRI-scan: bot komt grijs uit en weke delen wit (waterige structuren)
Röntgenscan: omgekeerd
Discus invertebrale: 2 regio’s (hard en zacht gedeelte)
➔ Hernia: zacht gedeelte duwt zich op de spinale zenuw
Typische wervel:
Lumbale wervel: korte stompe proc. spinosus en
gebogen gewrichtsvlak proc. articularis
6 gewrichten:
- Symphysis intervertebralis
o Tussen corpi
o Hylalien kraakbeenlaagje
o Discus intervertebralis
▪ Annulus fibrosis
▪ Nucleus pulposus (kern)
- Art. zygapophysialis
o Synoviaal
o Voor elke wervel versch.

cervicaal lumbaal




thoracaal
lumbaal




Cervicale wervels: uncovertebrale gewrichten

- Proc. uncinatus / uncus corporis
- C3-C7

,Ligamenten van de wervelkolom

1. Longitudinale ligamenten
a. Lig. Long. Post.
b. Lig. Long. Ant.
i. W membrana tectoria van C2-schedel
2. Lig. Flavum (tss. Wervelboog)
a. Vol elastische vezels
b. Van post. deel naar bovenliggende
ant. deel arcus
3. Lig. Supraspinale
a. Lig. Nuchae
4. Ligg. interspinalia Voorzijde wervelbogen,
Thoracaal




5 gewrichten bij os occi., atlas en axis:

Art. atlanto-occipitalis
Os occipitale
Art. atlanto-axialis
Foramen magnum
- Lateralis
C1 C2 C3
- mediana
o Arcus ant. atlantis en dens axis Lig. Long. Post.
o Dens en lig. Trans. Atlantis
Membrana tectorium
- Lig. Cruciforme atlantis
o Lig. Transversum atlantis
o Fasciculi longitudinales
- Ligg. Alaria
o Dens axis naar os occipitale

, Lig. Long. Ant.

Lig. Flavum

Lig. Interspinalea

Lig. Supraspinalea

Facia thoracolumbalis




Rugspieren:




Extrinsieke spieren: zeer oppervlakkig

Intrinsieke spieren: diep gelegen

Verschillen:

- Intrinsiek: beweging romp en houdingscontrole
- Extrinsiek: beweging ledematen en ondersteunend voor ademhaling (intermediaire)
- Extrinsiek: rug en appendiculair skelet verbinden
- Extrinsiek: embryologisch niet afkomstig van de rug (intrinsiek/autochtoon wel)
- Extrinsiek: bezenuwt door ventrale ramii, intrinsiek door dorsale ramii

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