Summary of all ELC lessons. Includes the whole section about the UK (History, Politics, Education, Media), as well as the whole section of US (History, Politics, Education, Media). (Blank maps to fill in yourself)
1. UK Geography & demographics ............................................................................................................. 7
1.1. geography ............................................................................................................................................ 7
1.1.1. capital cities ..................................................................................................................................... 7
1.1.2. ten biggest cities .............................................................................................................................. 7
1.2. UK- Demographics ................................................................................................................................ 7
1.2.1. Population ....................................................................................................................................... 7
1.2.2. Religion ............................................................................................................................................ 8
1.2.3. Language.......................................................................................................................................... 8
1.2.4. North-South divide .......................................................................................................................... 8
1.2.5. Gap between rich and poor ............................................................................................................. 9
1.3. Terms .................................................................................................................................................. 10
2. UK History part 1 ................................................................................................................................. 11
2.1. Britons and invaders (up to 1066) ...................................................................................................... 12
2.1.1. dinosaurs to first invasion ............................................................................................................. 12
2.1.2. Roman occupation......................................................................................................................... 12
2.1.3. arrival of the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes......................................................................................... 13
2.1.4. Anglo-Saxon consolidation (6th-8th centuries) ............................................................................... 13
2.1.5. the coming of the Vikings: 9th century ........................................................................................... 13
2.2. Medieval Britain (1066-1485)............................................................................................................. 14
2.2.1. William the Conqueror (1028-1087).............................................................................................. 15
2.2.2. from William’s legacy to 14th century ............................................................................................ 15
2.2.3. literature in the 14th century ......................................................................................................... 17
2.2.4. Richard III ....................................................................................................................................... 17
2.3. Tudors and Stuarts 1485-1688 ........................................................................................................... 17
2.3.1. Henry VII 1475-1509 ...................................................................................................................... 18
2.3.2. Henry VIII ....................................................................................................................................... 18
2.3.3. Mary I (1553-1558) ........................................................................................................................ 19
2.4. Elizabeth I (1559-1603) ...................................................................................................................... 19
2.4.1. 1st part of Elizabeth’s reign: unstable ........................................................................................... 19
2.4.2. 2nd part of Elizabeth’s reign: the Golden Age ................................................................................ 19
..................................................................................................................................................................... 19
2.4.3. James I (1603-1642)....................................................................................................................... 19
2.5. 17th century = tumultuous period in British history ............................................................................ 20
2.5.1. 2.1.5. Oliver Cromwell ................................................................................................................... 20
2.5.2. Charles II (1660-1685) en James II (1685-1688) ............................................................................ 20
2.5.3. Colonial expansion in the 17th century .......................................................................................... 21
2.6. Terms .................................................................................................................................................. 21
3. UK History Part 2 ................................................................................................................................. 24
3.1. Rise of Power 1688-1815 .................................................................................................................... 24
3.2. 18th century Britain............................................................................................................................ 24
3.2.1. general information ....................................................................................................................... 24
3.2.2. politics in the 18th century ............................................................................................................. 24
3.3. British expansion ................................................................................................................................ 25
3.3.1. early 18th century........................................................................................................................... 25
3.3.2. middle 18th century ....................................................................................................................... 25
3.3.3. bye bye America ............................................................................................................................ 25
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,Edwina Smits
3.3.4. the Georgian Age ........................................................................................................................... 25
3.3.5. industrial revolution ...................................................................................................................... 25
3.3.6. the Napoleonic Wars ..................................................................................................................... 26
3.4. industry and Empire 1815-1914 ......................................................................................................... 26
3.4.1. Queen Victoria 1837-1901............................................................................................................. 26
3.4.2. the Industrial Age .......................................................................................................................... 27
3.4.3. electoral reform in 19th century .................................................................................................... 27
3.4.4. the Irish famine: 1845-1850 .......................................................................................................... 27
3.4.5. the British empire in the 19th century ................................................................................................ 28
3.5. the Edwardian Age ............................................................................................................................. 28
3.6. the road to WWI ................................................................................................................................. 28
3.7. Terms .................................................................................................................................................. 29
4. UK History part 3 ................................................................................................................................. 31
4.1. Modern Times 1914 – now ................................................................................................................. 31
4.2. The Great War 1914-1918 .................................................................................................................. 31
4.2.1. battle of the Somme ...................................................................................................................... 31
4.2.2. armistice ........................................................................................................................................ 31
4.2.3. legacy of WWI................................................................................................................................ 32
4.3. WWII................................................................................................................................................... 32
4.3.1. road to WWII ................................................................................................................................. 32
4.3.2. Britain fights alone: 1939-1941 ..................................................................................................... 33
4.3.3. towards an allied victory (1943-1945) ........................................................................................... 33
4.3.4. the post-war years (1945 – ca. 1954) ............................................................................................ 34
4.3.5. Britain in late 50s ........................................................................................................................... 34
4.3.6. Meanwhile: decline & fall of the British Empire ............................................................................ 34
4.4. 60s, 70s, 80s ....................................................................................................................................... 35
4.4.1. swinging 60s .................................................................................................................................. 35
4.4.2. Britain in the 70s............................................................................................................................ 35
4.4.3. troubles in Northern Ireland (late 60s, 70s and 80s) ..................................................................... 35
4.4.4. Margaret Thatcher (Conservative PM 1979-1990) ........................................................................ 36
4.4.5. Tony Blair ....................................................................................................................................... 36
4.4.6. David Cameron .............................................................................................................................. 37
4.4.7. Brexit ............................................................................................................................................. 37
4.4.8. Elizabeth II ..................................................................................................................................... 38
4.5. Terms .................................................................................................................................................. 38
5. UK Political institutions ........................................................................................................................ 40
5.1. the basics ............................................................................................................................................ 40
5.2. Parliament .......................................................................................................................................... 40
5.2.1. House of Commons ....................................................................................................................... 41
5.2.2. electoral process and parties......................................................................................................... 42
5.2.3. procedures, rules & traditions of parliament ................................................................................ 43
5.2.4. Devolution to Scotland, Wales & Northern-Ireland (1998) ........................................................... 44
5.2.5. House of Lords ............................................................................................................................... 45
5.3. The government ................................................................................................................................. 45
5.3.1. basics ............................................................................................................................................. 45
5.3.2. important government departments & their heads...................................................................... 46
5.3.3. Civil Service .................................................................................................................................... 46
5.4. Terms .................................................................................................................................................. 47
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, Edwina Smits
6. UK – Education (England and Wales); Higher education (UK)................................................................ 49
6.1. general ............................................................................................................................................... 49
6.2. Secondary schools .............................................................................................................................. 49
6.2.1. general information ....................................................................................................................... 49
6.2.2. Private schools ............................................................................................................................... 49
6.3. Further Education ............................................................................................................................... 50
6.4. Higher Education ................................................................................................................................ 50
6.4.1. Universities .................................................................................................................................... 50
6.5. differences in education UK vs. BE...................................................................................................... 51
6.6. terms .................................................................................................................................................. 52
7. UK – the media .................................................................................................................................... 54
7.1. General Facts ...................................................................................................................................... 54
7.2. the Press ............................................................................................................................................. 54
7.2.1. The Times ...................................................................................................................................... 54
7.2.2. The Guardian ................................................................................................................................. 54
7.2.3. The Daily Telegraph ....................................................................................................................... 55
7.3. Tabloids .............................................................................................................................................. 55
7.3.1. The Sun .......................................................................................................................................... 55
7.3.2. Daily Mirror ................................................................................................................................... 55
7.3.3. Daily Mail ....................................................................................................................................... 55
7.4. Sunday Papers .................................................................................................................................... 56
7.4.1. Quality ........................................................................................................................................... 56
7.4.2. Tabloids ......................................................................................................................................... 56
7.5. Television ............................................................................................................................................ 56
7.5.1. BBC ................................................................................................................................................ 56
7.6. BBC radio stations (national + local) .................................................................................................. 56
7.6.1. Radio 1 ........................................................................................................................................... 56
7.6.2. Radio 2 ........................................................................................................................................... 56
7.6.3. Radio 3 ........................................................................................................................................... 57
7.6.4. Radio 5 ........................................................................................................................................... 57
7.6.5. The BBC’s 2 flagship ‘terrestrial channels ...................................................................................... 57
7.6.6. ITV .................................................................................................................................................. 57
7.6.7. Channel 4 ....................................................................................................................................... 58
- Commercial TV network founded in 1982 to broadcasts more ‘high-brow’ programmes, including
documentaries, detailed news reports, and more ‘permissive’ films, plays and comedies ........................ 58
7.7. Terms .................................................................................................................................................. 58
8. US Geography & demographics ............................................................................................................ 59
8.1. geography .......................................................................................................................................... 59
8.1.1. general information ....................................................................................................................... 59
8.1.2. main geographical landmarks........................................................................................................ 59
8.1.3. five main regions ........................................................................................................................... 59
8.1.4. The American dream ..................................................................................................................... 62
8.2. demographics ..................................................................................................................................... 62
8.2.1. population.......................................................................................................................................... 62
8.3. Terms .................................................................................................................................................. 64
9. US History part 1 .................................................................................................................................. 65
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