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Tissues Summary [Essential of Human Anatomy and Physiology]

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Tissues Summary [Essential of Human Anatomy and Physiology]

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  • December 22, 2023
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  • 2021/2022
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TISSUES §
§
Cilia  –  propel  materials
Goblet   Cells   –   specialized   mucus-­‐‑producing
§ A   group   of   cells   with   similar   structure   and   cells
function   that   have   similar   extracellular
substances  located  between  them.   Cell  Connections
§ Tight   Junctions   -­‐‑   bind   adjacent   cells   together
Histology   and   form   permeability   barriers;   prevent   the
The  microscopic  study  of  tissue  structure   passage  of  materials  between  epithelial  cells
§ Desmosomes   –   mechanical   links   that   bind   cells
Epithelial  Tissue   together
§ Covers  external  and  internal  surfaces;   Ø Hemidesmosomes  -­‐‑    anchor  cells  to  the
§ Has  a  basement  membrane,   basement  membrane
§ Little  EM  (extracellular  matrix),   § Gap  Junctions  –  allow  small  molecules  and  ions
§ No  blood  vessels.   to  pass

Functions  of  Epithelial  Tissues  (PAPSA)   Glands
1. Protecting  underlying  structures.   Glands  –  secrete  substances  onto  a  surface
2. Acting  as  a  barrier.   a. Exocrine  –  secrete  through  ducts
3. Permitting  the  passage  of  substances.   Ø Unicellular
4. Secreting  substances.   Ø Multicellular
5. Absorbing  substances.   v Simple  –  non  branched
v Compound  -­‐‑  branched
Classification  of  Epithelium   • Tubular
Accdg.  To  Layers   o Straight
1. Simple  E.  –  single  layered   o Coiled
2. Stratified  E.  –  multi-­‐‑layered   • Acinus   (grapelike)   or
3. Pseudostratified   Columnar   E   –   single   layered   Alveolus  (small  cavity)
but  appears  to  be  stratified
4. Transitional   E   –   stratified   x   can   be   greatly   Mode  of  Secretion
stretched   Ø Merocrine   –   products   are   released   but
no   actual   cellular   material   is   lost;
Accdg.  To  Shape   pancreas
1. Squamous  –  flat   Ø Apocrine   –   secretory   products   are
a. Non-­‐‑keratinized   -­‐‑   in   the   deepest   and   released  as  fragments;  mammary  glands
outermost  layers,  moist   Ø Holocrine   -­‐‑     shedding   of   entire   cells;
b. Keratinized   -­‐‑   composed   of   dead   cells   sebaceous  glands
containing   the   protein   keratin;   durable,
moisture-­‐‑resistant,  dry  character.   b. Endocrine  -­‐‑   release  hormones  that  are  absorbed
2. Cuboidal  –  cube-­‐‑like   directly  into  the  blood
3. Columnar  –  tall  and  thin
Connective  Tissue
Functional  Characteristics   § Large  amounts  of  EM
Cell  Layers  and  Cell  Shapes
§ Simple   E.   -­‐‑   diffusion,   filtration,   secretion,   or   Functions  of  Connective  Tissue  (EC2S2PT)
absorption;  found  in  organs:  to  move  materials   1. Enclosing  and  separating  other  tissues.
§ Stratified  E.  -­‐‑  protection   2. Connecting  tissues  to  one  another.
§ Squamous  Cells  -­‐‑  diffusion  and  filtration   3. Supporting  and  moving  parts  of  the  body.
§ Cuboidal   and   Columnar   Cells   –   secretion   and   4. Storing  compounds.
absorption   5. Cushioning  and  insulating.
6. Transporting.
Free  Surfaces   7. Protecting.
§ Smooth  free  surface  –  reduces  friction
§ Microvilli  –  increase  the  free  surface  are

M o r a n o , M . A .

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