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samenvatting inleiding tot het recht (23-24)

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Dit is een samenvatting van het vak 'inleiding tot het recht' bestaande uit powerpoints besproken tijdens de les, eigen notities en aanvullingen uit de blokwijzer.

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  • December 22, 2023
  • 197
  • 2023/2024
  • Summary

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By: spaeyfleur • 4 months ago

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By: ann-sofieput • 10 months ago

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Samenvatting Inleiding tot het recht

Inhoudsopgave

Wat is recht? ................................................................................................................................................... 5

Onderscheid objec.ef en subjec.ef recht ........................................................................................................... 5
Defini(e: wat is recht? .................................................................................................................................... 5
Band tussen objec(ef en subjec(ef recht ...................................................................................................... 5
Verduidelijkend toepassingsgeval: onrechtma(ge daad ................................................................................ 6
Voorwaarden art. 1382-1383 oud BW: onrechtma(ge daad (vervolg) .......................................................... 6
U leeK in een bijzondere (jd…........................................................................................................................ 7
Toekoms(ge bepalingen in Boek 6 BW? ......................................................................................................... 8

Klassieke defini.e van het objec.eve recht......................................................................................................... 9
§1. Impera(ef karakter ................................................................................................................................... 9
§2. Regelt uitsluitend menselijk en uitwendig gedrag .................................................................................. 10
§3. Algemeen of onpersoonlijk ..................................................................................................................... 10
§4. (On)bepaalde werkingssfeer ................................................................................................................... 11
§5. Afdwingbaar door overheid .................................................................................................................... 11
§6. Doel van het recht .................................................................................................................................. 20

Enkele begrippen inzake het objec.eve recht ................................................................................................... 22
§1. Posi(ef recht ........................................................................................................................................... 22
§2. Gemeen recht versus bijzonder recht ..................................................................................................... 22
§3. Formeel en materieel recht .................................................................................................................... 28
§4. Aanvullend recht, gewoon dwingend recht en recht van openbare orde .............................................. 28

Indeling en inhoud van het objec.eve recht ..................................................................................................... 34
Publiekrecht vs. Privaatrecht ........................................................................................................................ 34
Intern, interna(onaal en buitenlands recht ................................................................................................. 39

Fundamentele kenmerken van het Belgisch staatsbestel ............................................................................... 40

Rechtsstaat ....................................................................................................................................................... 40

Scheiding der machten ...................................................................................................................................... 41

Soevereiniteit van de na.e................................................................................................................................ 44

Erfelijke parlementaire monarchie .................................................................................................................... 44

Federale staat ontstaan uit een gecentraliseerde eenheidsstaat ..................................................................... 45

Wet als bron van recht .................................................................................................................................. 46

Bronnen van het objec.eve recht: algemeen.................................................................................................... 46
§ 1. Verschillende betekenissen begrip ‘rechtsbron’ .................................................................................... 46
§ 2. Overzicht van de formele rechtsbronnen .............................................................................................. 46

Verschillende betekenissen van het begrip wet................................................................................................. 48




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, Materiële en formele wet.................................................................................................................................. 49

Kenmerken van de (materiële) wet ................................................................................................................... 49
§ 1. Criterium van onderscheid materiële en formele wet ........................................................................... 49
§ 2. Belang van het onderscheid................................................................................................................... 51
§ 3. Oefeningen ............................................................................................................................................ 52

Soorten wetgeving ............................................................................................................................................ 52

Federale wetgeving ........................................................................................................................................... 53
§1. Grondwet ................................................................................................................................................ 53
§2. We`en in formele zin ............................................................................................................................. 54
§3. Soorten formele we`en ......................................................................................................................... 58
§4. Koninklijke besluiten ............................................................................................................................... 60
§5. Ministeriële besluiten ............................................................................................................................. 62

Lokale wetgeving .............................................................................................................................................. 62
§1. Gedecentraliseerde besturen ................................................................................................................. 62
§2. Provincies................................................................................................................................................ 63
§3. Gemeenten ............................................................................................................................................. 64

Communautaire en regionale rechtsorden ....................................................................................................... 64
§ 1. Schets van de staatshervormingen ........................................................................................................ 64
§ 2. Bevoegdheidsverdeling .......................................................................................................................... 68
§ 3. Communautaire organisa(e .................................................................................................................. 74

Bronnen van interna.onaal recht ..................................................................................................................... 76
§1. Verdragen ............................................................................................................................................... 77
§2. Suprana(onale rechtsvorming................................................................................................................ 81

Hiërarchie der normen ...................................................................................................................................... 90
§ 1. Algemeen ............................................................................................................................................... 90
§ 2. Excep(e van onwefgheid (art. 159 GW) .............................................................................................. 92
§ 3. Annula(eberoep bij Raad van State (art. 14, § 1 RvS-W)....................................................................... 93
§ 4. Excep(e van interna(onale onrechtma(gheid ...................................................................................... 95
§ 5. Controle door het Grondwe`elijk Hof ................................................................................................... 96
Oefeningen ................................................................................................................................................... 99

Toepassing van de wet in de ruimte en in de .jd ............................................................................................ 104
A. Probleem van conflicterende rechtsnormen .......................................................................................... 105
B. Schema voor wetsconflicten in de (jd.................................................................................................... 105
C. Principe: Niet-retroac(viteit ................................................................................................................... 109
D. Principe: onmiddellijke werking ............................................................................................................. 109
E. Uitzondering 1: eerbiedigende werking ................................................................................................. 110
F. Uitzondering 2: retroac(viteit ................................................................................................................. 112
G. Vereenvoudigd stappenplan .................................................................................................................. 114

Andere rechtsbronnen? .............................................................................................................................. 115

Rechtspraak en gerechtelijke organisa.e ....................................................................................................... 115
§ 1. Inrich(ng van hoven en rechtbanken .................................................................................................. 115
§2. Beginselen burgerlijke rechtspleging .................................................................................................... 122

Algemene rechtsbeginselen ............................................................................................................................ 127


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, § 1. Defini(e ............................................................................................................................................... 127
§ 2. Bespreking van enkele algemene rechtsbeginselen ............................................................................ 130

Gewoonte ........................................................................................................................................................ 132

Rechtsleer........................................................................................................................................................ 133

Rechtssubjecten, rechtsobjecten, rechtsfeiten en rechtshandelingen .......................................................... 134

Rechtssubjecten .............................................................................................................................................. 134
§ 1. Natuurlijke persoon ............................................................................................................................. 134
§ 2. Rechtssubjecten: Rechtspersoon ......................................................................................................... 139

Rechtsobjecten ................................................................................................................................................ 145
§ 1. Defini(e ............................................................................................................................................... 145
§ 2. Classifica(e subjec(eve rechten in func(e van het rechtsobject ........................................................ 145
§ 3. Patrimoniale en extrapatrimoniale rechten ......................................................................................... 146
§ 4. Zakelijke rechten, vorderingsrechten en intellectuele rechten ............................................................ 146
§ 5. Lichamelijke en onlichamelijke rechten ............................................................................................... 151
§ 6. Roerende en onroerende goederen .................................................................................................... 151
§ 7. Vermogen ............................................................................................................................................ 154
§ 8. Rechtsmisbruik .................................................................................................................................... 155

Rechtsfeiten en rechtshandelingen ................................................................................................................. 157
§ 1. Begrippen rechtsfeit en rechtshandeling ............................................................................................. 157
§ 2. Elementen van de rechtshandeling ..................................................................................................... 157
§ 3. Enkele fundamentele onderscheidingen m.b.t. contracten ................................................................. 165
§4. Totstandkoming van het contract ......................................................................................................... 169
§ 5. Tenietgaat van contract ....................................................................................................................... 173

Buitencontractuele aansprakelijkheid ............................................................................................................. 178
Inleiding ...................................................................................................................................................... 178
Persoonlijke aansprakelijkheid ................................................................................................................... 180
Kwalita(eve aansprakelijkheid ................................................................................................................... 184
Samenloop en co-existen(e ....................................................................................................................... 186

Bewijsrecht ................................................................................................................................................. 190

Bronnen van het bewijsrecht .......................................................................................................................... 190
§ 1. We`elijke regels .................................................................................................................................. 190
§ 2. Conven(onele regels ........................................................................................................................... 190

Voorwerp van het bewijs................................................................................................................................. 190

Type van bewijsstelsel ..................................................................................................................................... 191
§1. Gereglementeerd bewijs ...................................................................................................................... 191
§2. Vrij bewijs ............................................................................................................................................. 191

Bewijslast ........................................................................................................................................................ 192
§1. Principe: Actori incumbit proba(o ....................................................................................................... 192
§2. Uitzonderingen ..................................................................................................................................... 193

Hiërarchie van de bewijsmiddelen .................................................................................................................. 194
§1. Primauteit van het geschreven bewijs .................................................................................................. 194



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, §2. Afwijking van ar(kel 8.9 BW ................................................................................................................. 194
§3. Vereisten geschreven bewijs................................................................................................................. 195
§4. Bewijswaarde........................................................................................................................................ 196




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