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NURS 3100 Final Exam – Questions And Answers
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NURS 3100 Final Exam – Questions And AnswersIngestion of food; Propulsion of food and wastes; Secretion; Mechanical
digestion of food particles; Immune protection ✔️Ans - What are the
functions of the gastrointestinal tract?
Mucosa ✔️Ans - Inner lining that protects against microbes and is the first
line of defense
Submucosa ✔️Ans - Lining that has the function of propulsion
Enteric Plexus ✔️Ans - Intrinsic nerves that control motility, secretion,
sensation and blood flow
Mouth ✔️Ans - Reservoir for chewing and mixing of food with saliva; Taste
buds: salty, sour, bitter, sweet, savory (umami)
Submandibular, sublingual, parotid ✔️Ans - What are the three pairs of
salivary glands?
Alpha Amylase ✔️Ans - Enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates
Saliva ✔️Ans - Water with mucus, sodium, bicarbonate, chloride,
potassium and alpha amylase; controlled by sympathetic and parasympathetic
fibers
Peristalsis ✔️Ans - Coordinated sequential contraction and relaxation of
outer longitudinal and inner circular layers of muscles
Upper Esophageal Sphincter ✔️Ans - Keeps air from entering the
esophagus during respiration
Lower Esophageal Sphincter ✔️Ans - Prevents regurgitation from the
stomach and caustic injury to the esophagus
Oropharyngeal ✔️Ans - Phase of swallowing when food is formed into
bolus and forced toward pharynx; pharynx contracts; respiration inhibited
and epiglottis slides down
,Esophageal ✔️Ans - Phase of swallowing when food bolus enters
esophagus; esophagus relaxes; peristalsis occurs to move food down to lower
esophageal sphincter; food bolus enters stomach
Stomach ✔️Ans - A hollow, muscular organ that stores food, secretes
digestive juices, mixes food with the juices, and propels partially digested food
(chyme)
Cardiac orifice, pyloric sphincter, pylorus ✔️Ans - What are the 3
boundaries of the stomach?
Fundus, body, antrum ✔️Ans - What are the 3 functional areas of the
stomach?
longitudinal (outer), circular (middle), oblique (inner) ✔️Ans - What are
the 3 layers of smooth muscle in the stomach?
Celiac artery ✔️Ans - Where does the blood supply of the stomach come
from?
Swallowing ✔️Ans - Causes relaxation of stomach; facilitated by gastrin
and cholecystokinin
Motilin ✔️Ans - Increases peristalsis
Secretin ✔️Ans - Decreases peristalsis
Gastric mixing and emptying ✔️Ans - Retropulsion; rate dependent on
volume, osmotic pressure and chemical composition
Cephalic, gastric, intestinal ✔️Ans - What are the 3 phases of gastric
secretion?
Cephalic ✔️Ans - Gastric secretion phase stimulated by thought, smell, and
taste of food
Gastric ✔️Ans - Gastric secretion phase stimulated by distension of
stomach
, Intestinal ✔️Ans - Gastric secretion phase stimulated by histamine and
digested protein
Mucus ✔️Ans - Gastric secretion with function of protection; Stimulated by
prostaglandins
Acid and Enzymes ✔️Ans - Gastric secretions with function of breakdown
Hormones ✔️Ans - Gastric secretion with function to help create
peristalsis
Acid ✔️Ans - Secreted by parietal cells; Dissolves food fibers, acts as a
bactericide against swallowed microorganisms, and converts pepsinogen to
pepsin
Pepsin ✔️Ans - Secreted by chief cells; Proteolytic Enzyme that breaks
down protein and forms polypeptides in the stomach
Small Intestine ✔️Ans - 5 to 6 meters long; has 3 segments-Duodenum,
jejunum, ileum; inervated by enteric nerves-Myenteric plexus and submucosal
plexus; Two layers of smooth muscle-Longitudinal (outer) and circular
(inner); absorption through villi
Treitz Ligament ✔️Ans - Separates duodenum and jejunum
Peritoneum ✔️Ans - Membrane surrounding the organs of the abdomen
and pelvic cavity
Gastroduodenal ✔️Ans - Which artery supplies the duodenum?
Superior Mesenteric ✔️Ans - Which artery supplies the jejunum and ilium?
Microvilli ✔️Ans - Increases surface area of small intestine
Brush Border ✔️Ans - Produces mucus layer of small intestine
Laminal Propria ✔️Ans - Contains lymphocytes in small intestine
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