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Psychology 4th Edition by Saundra K. Ciccarelli - Test Bank
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,1 The Science of PsychologyKey: Answer, Page, Type, Learning Objective, Level, Learning Outcomes
Type
A=Applied
C=Conceptual
F=Factual
Level
(1)=Easy; (2)=Moderate; (3)=Difficult
LO=Learning Objective
p=page
APA=Learning Outcomes
MULTIPLE CHOICE
What Is Psychology?
Learning Objective 1.1 - What defines psychology as a field of study, and what are psychology’s four primary
goals?
1. Which of these is the most accurate definition of the discipline of psychology?
a) the scientific study of behavior
b) the scientific study of mental processes
c) the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
Correct. The definition of psychology includes both behavior and mental processes and doesn’t exclude animals.
d) the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes
Incorrect. The definition of psychology includes also animal behavior and mental processes.
ANS: c, p. 4, F, LO=1.1, (2)
% correct 66 a= 2 b=1 c= 66 d= 32 r = .37
APA=1.1; 1.2
2. In the definition of psychology, the term mental processes refers to ________.
a) internal, covert activities
Correct. Mental activities are internal.
b) outward behavior
c) overt actions and reactions
Incorrect. Overt means outward, not internal.
d) only animal behavior
ANS: a, p. 4, F, LO=1.1, (1)
% correct 85 a= 85 b= 1 c= 13 d= 1 r = .39
APA=1.1; 1.2
3. Which topic would NOT be investigated by a psychologist if the definition of psychology were limited to “the
science of behavior”?
a) relation between grade-point average and salary
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, b) thought processes students used while trying to answer this question
Correct. This conforms to the definition of the internal, covert activity of our minds.
c) how changes in the rate of television violence influence real-life violence
d) effectiveness of several treatments for people who suffer from depression
Incorrect. Investigation of treatments is not a mental process.
ANS: b, p. 4, C, LO=1.1, (3)
APA=1.1; 1.2
4. You are at a basketball game and the arena is packed; the crowd is evenly split between fans of the two teams. At
one point, the referee makes a call. Half of the fans yell insults; the other half of the fans shout their approval. The
event reminds you of the topic of today’s lecture in psychology class. What was the likely topic of the lecture?
a) bias
Correct. The fans are showing bias and this is an important issue.
b) experiments
Incorrect. The fans are really not part of any treatment groups.
c) psychoanalysis
d) extraneous variables
ANS: a, p. 4, A, LO=1.1, (2)
APA=1.2
5. Steve is a fan of the Los Angeles Lakers basketball team. With little provocation, he will engage you in a debate
about whether it is the greatest team in basketball. Steve may be demonstrating ________.
a) bias
Correct. Steve’s loyalty to his team will influence his debate.
b) critical thinking
Incorrect. Critical thinking requires an open mind.
c) an eclectic approach
d) unconscious behavior
ANS: a, p. 4, A, LO=1.1, (2)
APA=1.2
6. The goals of psychology are to ________.
a) explore the conscious and unconscious functions of the human mind
b) understand, compare, and analyze human behavior
Incorrect. Human behavior is only one part of psychology.
c) improve psychological well-being in all individuals from birth until death
d) describe, explain, predict, and control behavior
Correct. These adequately help uncover the mysteries of behavior.
ANS: d, p. 4, F, LO=1.1, (2)
% correct 40 a= 17 b=39 c= 3 d= 40 r = .35
% correct 96 a= 4 b= 0 c= 0 d= 96 r = .54
APA=1.1; 1.2
7. Mei was sent to the school psychologist to be tested. Based on her IQ scores, it was decided that she would do
well in the gifted child program. This is an example of which goal of psychology?
a) describing behavior
b) explaining behavior
Incorrect. Explaining focuses on why it is happening.
c) predicting behavior
Correct. Mei’s score served as a predictor (“would do well”) of performance.
d) controlling behavior
ANS: c, p. 5, A, LO=1.1, (1)
% correct 76 a= 8 b= 7 c= 76 d= 9 r = .20
% correct 80 a= 6 b=5 c= 80 d= 9 r = .21
APA=1.2
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, 8. In addition to describing and explaining mental processes and behavior, psychology also attempts to ________
these phenomena.
a) predict and control
Correct. These are two of the four goals of psychology.
b) analyze and manipulate
c) categorize and organize
Incorrect. These are not mentioned by your authors as being goals of psychology.
d) synthesize and regulate
ANS: a, p. 5, C, LO=1.1, (1)
% correct 89 a= 7 b= 89 c= 3 d= 2 r = .29
APA=1.2; 2.1
9. A psychologist is interested in finding out why identical twins have different personalities. This psychologist is
most interested in the goal of ________.
a) description
Incorrect. “Why” does not describe; it explains.
b) explanation
Correct. “Why” asks for an explanation.
c) prediction
d) control
ANS: b, p. 5, A, LO=1.1, (1)
% correct 92 a= 2 b= 92 c= 4 d= 2 r = .24
APA=1.2; 2.1
10. A teacher tells the school psychologist that Kate is late to class, does not turn in her homework, squirms around
a lot in her seat, and swings her feet constantly. This is an example of which goal of psychology?
a) describing behavior
Correct. We only know WHAT she is doing.
b) explaining behavior
Incorrect. Explaining focuses on why it is happening, not what is happening.
c) predicting behavior
d) controlling behavior
ANS: a, p. 5, A, LO=1.1, (1)
% correct 85 a= 85 b= 14 c= 0 d= 0 r = .34
APA=1.2; 2.1
11. The question “What is happening?” refers to which of the following goals in psychology?
a) description
Correct. Asking “what” means asking for a description.
b) explanation
Incorrect. Explanation goes beyond “what.”
c) prediction
d) control
ANS: a, p. 5, C, LO=1.1, (2)
% correct 64 a= 64 b= 28 c= 8 d= 1 r = .21
APA=1.2; 2.1
12. The question “Why is it happening?” refers to which of the following goals in psychology?
a) description
Incorrect. Describing does not answer the question why.
b) explanation
Correct. Asking “why” calls for an explanation.
c) prediction
d) control
ANS: b, p. 5, C, LO=1.1, (1)
% correct 90 a= 6 b= 90 c= 4 d= 0 r = .20
APA=1.2; 2.1
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