PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - CHAPTER 27 QUESTIONS AND ANSWER 2023 GRADED A+ UPGRADE

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - CHAPTER 27 QUESTIONS AND ANSWER 2023 GRADED A+ UPGRADE What unique factor causes adolescent girls to have a high risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs)? ANSWER = The adolescent cervix is immature and lacks immunity. How is gonorrhea transmitted from a pregnant woman to her fetus? ANSWER = Predominately through infected cervical and secretions during the birth process Which statement is false about the factors that facilitate the ascent of gonococci into the uterus and fallopian tubes? ANSWER = Ascent of gonococci is facilitated because the vaginal pH decreases to 2 or 3. In women, what is the usual site of original gonococcal infection? ANSWER = Endocervical canal What is the primary site for uncomplicated local gonococci infections in men? ANSWER = Urethra What local complication of a gonococcal infection is diagnosed in approximately 10% of affected women? ANSWER = Acute salpingitis Which laboratory test is considered adequate for an accurate and reliable diagnosis of gonococcal urethritis in a symptomatic man? ANSWER = Gram-stain technique How does an established gonococcal infection usually express itself in newborns? ANSWER = Bilateral corneal ulceration What is the major concern regarding the treatment of gonococci infections? ANSWER = Development of antibiotic resistance Which sexually transmitted infection frequently coexists with gonorrhea? ANSWER = Chlamydia During which stage of syphilis do bloodborne bacteria spread to all the major organ systems? ANSWER = Secondary In which stage of syphilis would the following clinical manifestations be found: destructive skin, bone and soft tissue lesions, aneurysms, heart failure, and neurosyphilis? ANSWER = Tertiary Which organism is responsible for the development of syphilis? ANSWER = Treponema pallidum Which is a characteristic lesion of secondary syphilis? ANSWER = Condylomata lata By which method is the organism that causes syphilis best identified? ANSWER = Darkfield microscopy When a patient has small, vesicular lesions that last between 10 and 20 days, which sexually transmitted infection is suspected? ANSWER = Genital herpes Which statement is false regarding the risk of transmission of the herpes simplex virus (HSV) from mother to fetus? ANSWER = Neonatal infection of HSV rarely occurs in the intrapartum or postpartum period. During the latent period of a herpes virus infection, where in the host cell is the genome of the virus maintained? ANSWER = Nucleus During reactivation (release from latency), herpes virus genomes are transported through which nerves to the dermal surface? ANSWER = Peripheral sensory Which statement provides the most accurate information regarding the transmission of herpes simplex virus (HSV)? ANSWER = The risk of transmission is present even during latent periods. Which drug may be prescribed orally for outbreak management of herpes simplex viral (HSV) infections? ANSWER = Acyclovir (Zovirax) Which of the following causes condylomata acuminata or genital warts? ANSWER = Human papillomavirus (HPV) Which treatment is used for trichomoniasis? ANSWER = Topical application of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) A woman diagnosed with trichomoniasis asks if her sexual partner should be treated as well. What is the appropriate response? ANSWER = Sexual partners should be treated even if they are asymptomatic. Which microorganism is sexually transmitted, primarily by homosexual men, through infected feces? ANSWER = Shigellosis Which hepatitis virus is known to be sexually transmitted? ANSWER = B Which sexually transmitted disease occasionally causes clinical manifestations of scant intermittent penile discharge, slight pruritus, and mild dysuria? ANSWER = Trichomoniasis Which statements are true regarding the hepatitis B infection? (Select all that apply.) a. Hepatitis B poses a significant risk for chronic liver disease. b. Hepatocellular cancer is a common comorbid condition. c. Universal vaccination of infants and children is recommended. d. The preventive method of choice is immunization. e. Universal vaccination of sexually active adults is recommended.