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Samenvatting Immunopathologie
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Samenvatting van het vak immunopathologie Gebaseerd op de powerpoint + notities
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IMMUNOPATHOLOGIELector. Pittois Karen
2023-2024
,INHOUD
1. Herhaling ............................................................................................................................................................. 3
1.1 Begrippen ...................................................................................................................................................... 3
1.2 Plaats van verweer ........................................................................................................................................ 3
1.3 Verschillende fronten .................................................................................................................................... 4
1.4 Ontstekingsreactie ........................................................................................................................................ 4
1.5 Acute fase eiwitten ....................................................................................................................................... 4
1.6 Complement factoren ................................................................................................................................... 5
1.7 Cellen van het immuunsysteem .................................................................................................................... 5
1.8 Moleculen van het specifiek verweer ........................................................................................................... 6
1.9 Cellen van het specifiek verweer : lymfocyten ............................................................................................. 7
1.10 Bacteriën en afweer .................................................................................................................................... 9
2. Hypersensitiviteit .............................................................................................................................................. 11
2.1 Inleiding ....................................................................................................................................................... 11
2.2 Niet-immunologische overgevoeligheidsreacties ....................................................................................... 11
2.3 Immunologische overgevoeligheidsreacties ............................................................................................... 12
3. Immuundeficiëntie ............................................................................................................................................ 25
3.1 Inleiding ....................................................................................................................................................... 25
3.2 B-cel deficiënties: stoornissen humorale immuniteit ................................................................................. 25
3.3 T-cel deficiënties: stoornissen cellulaire immuniteit .................................................................................. 27
3.4 Afwijkingen in fagocytose ........................................................................................................................... 29
3.5 Complement deficiënties ............................................................................................................................ 30
4. AIDS ................................................................................................................................................................... 31
4.1 Inleiding ....................................................................................................................................................... 31
4.2 Het virus ...................................................................................................................................................... 31
Intermezzo 1: De bizarre wereld van virussen ................................................................................................... 31
4.3 HIV ............................................................................................................................................................... 34
4.4 Overdracht .................................................................................................................................................. 37
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, 4.5 Verschijnselen ............................................................................................................................................. 37
4.6 Immunologische effecten............................................................................................................................ 37
4.7 Verloop virale lading ................................................................................................................................... 38
Intermezzo 2: Virussen als vector ...................................................................................................................... 39
4.8 Diagnostiek .................................................................................................................................................. 39
4.9 Therapie ...................................................................................................................................................... 46
5. Auto-immuniteit ................................................................................................................................................ 53
5.1 Inleiding ....................................................................................................................................................... 53
5.2 Tolerantie en auto-immuunziekten ............................................................................................................ 53
5.3 Voorbeelden van auto-immuunziekten ...................................................................................................... 54
5.4 Mogelijke oorzaken auto-immuunreacties ................................................................................................. 60
6. Transplantatie immunologie ............................................................................................................................. 61
6.1 Inleiding ....................................................................................................................................................... 61
6.2 Wetten van de transplantatie ..................................................................................................................... 61
6.3 Transplantatiegenetica................................................................................................................................ 62
6.4 De afstotingsreactie .................................................................................................................................... 65
6.5 Beletten van de afstotingsreactie ............................................................................................................... 66
7. Kanker ............................................................................................................................................................... 72
7.1 Algemene info ............................................................................................................................................. 72
7.2 Tumorantigenen .......................................................................................................................................... 72
7.3 Immuunbewakingstheorie .......................................................................................................................... 73
7.4 Diagnose en follow-up ................................................................................................................................ 75
7.5 Therapie ...................................................................................................................................................... 75
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, 1. HERHALING
Kijk samenvatting immunologie (Hematologie 1 en 2)
1.1 BEGRIPPEN
Infectie = het binnendringen van micro-organisme in ons lichaam en daar schade aanrichten
Besmetting / contaminatie =het overbrengen van ziektekiemen op weefsel of voorwerp
→ Leidt niet altijd tot infectie, bv als er genoeg weerstand is
➔ Of besmetting leidt tot infectie hangt af van :
• Virulentie = aanvalskracht van het micro-organisme
• Immuniteit = weerstand van de gastheer
! operatiemes kan wel besmet zijn, maar niet geïnfecteerd → mens kan zowel besmet als geïnfecteerd zijn !
Ontsteking = reactie van het lichaam op een infectie
→ Kenmerken : dolor, calor, rubor, tumor
Ontsmetting = bestrijding van ongewenste kiemend om overdracht te verhinderen → met antiseptica
Steriliseren = doden van alle leven (niet-selectief)
1.2 PLAATS VAN VERWEER
Het verweer heeft een specifiek (verworven) en een niet-specifiek (aangeboren) luik → beide met EW en cellen
Bacteriën
Virussen Psycho
Disease
Mycetes Somatisch
Parasieten
Gezond /
Besmet Geïnfecteerd Ziek
immuun
IMMUUNVERWEER Actief Passief
Niet-specifiek / Specifiek Vaccinatie Moeder → kind
Cellen / Eiwitten Ziek → gezond Antiserum
Immuniteit = weerstand van organisme tegen infectie, ziekte en invasie
→ onderscheid in
• Actief = wanneer lichaam zichzelf herstelt met eigen AL (kan ook door vaccinatie)
• Passief = AL gebruikt dia via plancent aan moeder komen
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