Gescheideniswerkplaats - 3VWO - Chapter 3 The Second World War - summary - ENGLISH
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Course
Geschiedenis
Level
VWO / Gymnasium
Summary of history workshop chapter 3 World War II.
Suitable for 3vwo TTO students
PLEASE NOTE THIS SUMMARY IS IN ENGLISH
For the Dutch version, see my other summaries.
3.1
Cause world war II
- Caused by Nazi Germany Hitler wanted to expand German territory to feed population and rule over Europe
- Hitler allied with Japan and Italy against Soviet Union
Germany annexed Austria
- Hitler threatened to invade Austria, if nazis wouldn’t become part of government.
- Former president Schuschnigg stepped down, Seyss-Inquart became President Austria.
- Seyss-inquart invited hitler, into Austria to restore peace and order.
- Hitler was received excitedly, and annexed Austria
Germany claiming Czech Sudetenland
- Hitler claimed Czech Sudetenland, after annexation of Austria. According to Nazis population (which was mainly German) wanted to be home
in the empire
- During conference held in munchen between british prime minister Chamberlain, French prime minister Daladier, Mussolini and hitler.
Czechoslovakia was to give Sudetenland to Germany, in return that hitler promised peace.
- Hitler annexed Sudetenland was seen as a liberator.
Chamberlains’ tactic during Conference
- Using diplomacy to achieve peace in their time
- Wanted peace by giving in thought Hitler’s policy would be less aggressive.
Start World war II
- Beginning 1939, Hitler threatened Poland
- France and Great Britain supported Poland in case of Foreign attack
- August 1939 Germany + Soviet union signed non-aggressive pact, would divide Poland among themselves.
- September 1st 1939 Germany invaded Poland, France and Great – Britain declared war on Germany.
Tactic of Germany
- Germany was aggressive
- used Tanks, airplanes, bombs.
- Germany terror bombed places so they would surrender.
Annexation of West Poland – Blitzkrieg against West Poland
- Advanced into Poland with Tanks and Planes
- Soviet Army invaded east Poland
- West Poland was annexed by Germany
Blitzkrieg against the west
- April 1940, Germany occupied Denmark and Norway
- May 10, 1940, Blitzkrieg against Netherlands, Belgium, France started.
- 14 of may, Germany used terror bombs to destroy city centre of Rotterdam Dutch Army surrendered
- Belgium Capitulated for 18 days.
- France Capitulated For six weeks.
Air war against Great Britain
- Germany used terror Bombardments against great Britain
- Germany had Military supremacy
- Hitler expected Great Britain to sign a truce, but they didn’t
- Great Britain had new minister, Winston churchill
Two – front war
- Germany Broke non – aggression treaty of 1939, attacked soviet union starting two front war.
War Against soviet union
- Invaded Yugoslavia and Greece to help Italy
- 22 June 1941 attack on soviet union began
- Germans invaded Leningrad and Moscow, but were stopped by red Army
- German soldiers killed thousands and let millions of prisoners starve.
West Poland
- german Soldiers performed ethnioc cleansing
- Polished citizens were driven out, killed replaced with German citizens from Baltic areas, Romania, Northern Italy.
German losses in Eastern Europe
- December 1941 – Japan attacked United Stated US declared war on Japan Germany declared war on US.
- main allied powers (Great Britain, US, Soviet Union) and Axis powers (Germany Italy, Japan) were formed.
- 1942 German soldiers advanced on Stalingrad 2million+ killed/injured German soldiers surrendered in 1943.
- summer 1943 Germans lost tank battle at Kursk.
- germans beaten back by red army.
- both Hitler and allied did not want to give up or ceasefire, thus they kept on fighting until one surrendered.
Siege of Leningrad
- Germans laid siege at Leningrad for 900 days
- citizens Leningrad, died from starvation, cold, bombings
- January 1944, germans were defeated by red Army.
- January 1945, Soviet soldiers entered East Prussia murdered, plundered, raped millions of Germans Germans fled.
German Losses in Western Europe <-->6 June 1944 - (D-Day)
- 130 000 British, American, Canadian soldiers landed on beaches of Normandy. allied invasion (hostile attack) began in west France.
- 24 000 paratroopers were dropped behind German coastal defences. Allied conquered coastal region
, Liberation
- Allied liberated France, Belgium, South of the Netherlands.
- March 1945 Allied marched into Germany, by crossing the Rhine
- Red Army started conquering Berlin.
- Hitler committed suicide as he realized he was losing.
- 8th may 1945 Germany was occupied by American, British, soviets armies.
3.2
Japan conquests
- War east Asia started because of Japan's aggression.
- Japan developed into densely populated, industrial state nationalist soldiers had lot of influence
- Nationalist soldiers wanted to expand Japan with areas that could provide food, industry recourses.
- 1936 Japan entered an alliance with Germany and Italy.
- Korea and Chinese province (Manchuria) were Japan’s colonies.
- 1937 Japanese troops invaded rest of china, conquered Bejing, Shanghai, other coastal cities.
- may 1939 Japan invaded Mongolia, ruled by soviet Union Japan was defeated by Red Army
- Japan focused on Europeans and Americans in Southeast asia.
- 7th December 1941 Japanese air force attacked American naval base of pearl harbour on Hawaii.
- Japan temporarily disabled American military Japan conquered nearly all of south asia
- June 1942 Japanese fleet was defeated by the Americans in the battle at the midway.
Japan and occupied occupies
- Japan attacked western colonies, greeted as liberators by the indigenous population (Japanese slogan “Asians for Asians”)
- Japanese oppressed other Asians, demanded absolute submission.
- Japanese exploited occupied territories stole food, resources, killed millions out of hunger and disease.
- Girls and women were turned into sex slaves for the army, were called comfort women.
- European/Asian men were forced into manual labour, 200 000 men died while doing manual labour.
- White women and children were put into concentration camps.
Japan and china
- Japanese thought they had more worth than Chinese people.
- Japanese raped, killed thousands of Chinese women and girls
- Japanese killed thousands of men by burning them or decapitating them.
Japanese defeat
- 1943 Japan slowly defeated by Americans slowly as they main focused was liberating Europe, Japan wouldn’t surrender
- Japan used Kamikazes suicide pilots, who had planes filled with explosives crash into American warships.
- 1945 Turman (then president of USA) forced Japan to surrender by dropping an atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
- 15 august 1945 japan surrendered.
Other countries
- North Africa: Americans and british fought the germans and Italians
- Economy USA switched to war production 1942 USA produced more war equipment than axis powers together.
- Suriname provided 60% bauxite for American planes
- curaçao provided Oil refinery for airplane fuel.
3.3
Occupation begins
- 10th of May at 3.55 Germany attacked the Netherlands with troops via the east and paratroopers via the west plan was to capture the queen
and ministers.
- Queen and ministers fled to London, formed a government in exile.
- 15th of may Germany's occupation began, after the dutch capitulated.
- Austrian Nazi Sayss-Inquart became highest governor of the Netherlands.
- Austrian SS member Rauter led the secret police and an SS police force of 4000 officers.
- Rule of Law and democracy in the Netherlands was abolished.
First months of occupation
- after occupation everyday life returned and economy improved
- Germans were friendly, wanted support, cooperation of the dutch Dutch were considered kinsmen.
- was oppression in the form of censorship; newspapers were only allowed to write certain things, which changed every day.
- June 1940 onwards: labour unions, broadcasting corporations were equalised; were required to spread Nazi ideology.
- Germans started prosecuting Jewish-Dutch
Occupation becomes harder
- February 1941; Major dutch protests started
- NSB member (collaboter Germans) died when jewish gangs started fighting back.
- A razzia (raid, hunt for people) was held, 427 jewish men were arrested.
- in protest Amsterdam and surrounding workers went on a strike they were arrested.
- arrested Jewish dutchmen were deported to the concentration camp Mauthausen.
Consequence February protests
- Seyss-Inquart treated the ducht population with intimidation and terror
- Germans would from now on hunt jews and bring them to concentration camps; whoever sided with the jews were killed.
- Food, vehicles and basic needs grew scarce as the germans took machines, vehicles, food and brought them to Germany.
- 1942 onwards: men between the age of 17 and 40 had to register for forced labour in Germany, those who refused this arbeidsinzet were killed.
Attitude of the dutch
Good dutchmen
- made up the majority of the population
- were anti-german
- didn’t dare to put up resistance
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