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Complete lecture notes Debates in Mental Health (PY1DMH)
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15/01/2021 PY1DMH – Lecture 1 psychopathologyHistory of psychopathology - demonic possessions > asylums > medical model
Implications of defining psychopathology – labelling, legality, scientifically/statistically
Definitions of psychopathology – statistical infrequency, violating social norms, causing clinically
significant distress, harmful dysfunction
22/01/2021 PY1DMH – Lecture 2 diagnosis
Reliability = the extent that the method will provide the same results in different contexts
Validity = the extent that the method measures what it claims to measure
Clinical interviews – broad insight into client’s issues based on clinician’s theoretical orientation
Clinical observations – assessment of behaviour frequency, context, consequences & reinforcement
Psychological tests – rigid response questionnaires of specific characterises
IQ tests – can diagnose learning difficulties & help neurological evaluations
Culture bias – assessment methods generally based on WEIRD populations
Non-Western disorders coded as culture bound whereas Western prevalent disorders considered
‘legitimate’/the norm (Marsella & Yamada, 2010)
25/01/2021 PY1DMH – Lecture 3 treatment
Treating mental issues = symptom relief, coping strategies & relieves economic burden of issues
Treatment delivery = 1 to 1, groups or families & online (computerised CBT/telepsychiatry)
Palliative treatments = only focussed on symptoms
Psychoanalysis – treats the unconscious withing the context of the whole person
Dream analysis, free association, transference & interpretation etc.
X Time consuming, expensive & lacking evidence
Biological therapy – treats neurochemical imbalances with pharmaceuticals
, SSRIs (depression), dopamine blockers (psychosis) & anxiety (benzodiazepine)
X ‘medicalises’ mental health & long term prescribing can increase relapse vulnerability
Behavioural therapy – treats faulty learning with behaviour modification & counter conditioning
Systematic desensitisation, exposure & aversion therapy etc.
Cognitive therapy – treats dysfunctional thoughts & processing biases to set attainable goals
Rational emotive therapy & CBT etc.
Evaluation = establish long term effects via client satisfaction, meta-analysis & randomised
controlled trials
Spontaneous remission = patients who would improve anyway so treatment appears effective
Clinical psychologists – Chartered by BPS & registered in title with HCPC
Specialised work in private institutions or in the NHS (hospitals/prisons/research institutions)
Deliver evidenced based treatment & contribute to research
Recovery model – therapy should be client driven & it is possible to recover from health difficulties
Diagnostic model – standardised treatment using a professional diagnostic tool
Practitioner models – scientist (evidence based) & reflexive (experiential)
03/02/2021 PY1DMH – Lecture 4 anxiety disorders
OCD
OCD treatment = graded exposure & ritual prevention behaviour modification
OCD related disorders = body dysmorphia, hoarding & hair picking etc.
Thought-action fusion
Belief that having a thought about an action is like performing it
Belief that thoughts can affect what happens in the world
Can lead to the defence mechanism of suppression
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