statistics a tool for social research internationa
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Statistics A Tool
Statistics A Tool
Statistics A Tool
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, Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
Multiple Choice
1. In social research the purpose of statistics is to
a. prove that the research theory is correct
b. validate the research project design
c. manipulate and analyze data
d. ensure acceptance by the scientific community
ANS: c PG: 1 LO: 1
2. Without statistics, _____________ research would be impossible.
a. meaningful
b. important
c. qualitative
d. quantitative
ANS: d PG: 4 LO: 1
3. Data is the same thing as
a. information collected in numerical form
b. information collected in any form
c. statistics
d. proof
ANS: a PG: 1 LO: 1
4. According to the "Wheel of Science," research projects begin
a. with theory
b. with data
c. with an hypothesis
d. at any stage on the Wheel
ANS: d PG: 2 LO: 1
5. In the research process, theory
a. is unnecessary
b. is always fully developed before any data is gathered
c. is developed only after the data have been completely analyzed
d. attempts to explain the relationship between phenomenon
ANS: d PG: 2 LO: 1
6.
,7. In the language of science, a variable that is thought to be causal is called
a. an independent variable
b. a hypothetical variable
c. a primary variable
d. a dependent variable
ANS: a PG: 3 LO: 1
8. In time, the ____________ variable precedes the _____________ variable.
a. hypothetical, theoretical
b. discrete, continuous
c. independent, dependent
d. dependent, independent
ANS: c PG: 3 LO: 1
9. If people who eat at fast food restaurants become obese, obesity is
a. an independent variable
b. a causal variable
c. a dependent variable
d. none of the above
ANS: c PG: 3 LO: 1
10. If people who habitually drive over the speed limit have more fatal accidents, then
speed is
a. an independent variable
b. the dependent variable
c. an effect or result variable
d. none of the above
ANS: a PG: 3 LO: 1
11. In terms of the Wheel of Science, an hypothesis is derived from _________ and
leads to ___________.
a. statistics, observation
b. theory, generalizations
c. observation, generalizations
d. theory, observation
ANS: d PG: 4 LO: 1
12. An hypothesis states, in part, that "income increases as education increases". In
this statement, income is
a. the dependent variable
b. the independent variable
c. the hypothetical variable
d. the secondary variable
ANS: a PG: 3 LO: 1
, 13. An hypothesis states, in part, that "income increases as education increases". In
this statement, education is
a. the dependent variable
b. the independent variable
c. the hypothetical variable
d. the secondary variable
ANS: b PG: 3 LO: 1
14. An hypothesis differs from a theory in that
a. it is "testable"
b. it is true
c. it is more speculative
d. it is more abstract
ANS: a PG: 3 LO: 1
15. A theory differs from an hypothesis in that it is more
a. testable
b. specific
c. general
d. concrete
ANS: c PG: 3 LO: 1
16. In terms of the "Wheel of Science", statistics are central to the research process
a. only between the theory phase and the hypothesis phase
b. only between the hypothesis phase and the observation phase
c. only between the observation phase and the empirical generalization phase
d. only between the empirical generalization phase and the theory phase
ANS: c PG: 4 LO: 1
17. As we move down the right-hand side of the “Great Wheel of Science” we
become more
a. general
b. abstract
c. dependent
d. specific
ANS: d PG: 2-6 LO: 1
18. As we move up the left-hand side of the “Great Wheel of Science” we become
more
a. specific
b. general
c. empirical
d. quantitative
ANS: b PG: 2-6 LO: 1
19.
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