LRA 223, 224 final study review questions 100% correct

LRA 223, 224 final study review questions 100% correct On average, how many separate bones make up the adult vertebral column? 26 The gonion corresponds to the level of? C3 A radiograph of an AP open-mouth projection reveals that the base of the skull is superimposed over the dens. What positioning error led to this radiographic outcome? Excessive skull extension What is the name of the fracture that results from hyperflexion of the neck, results in avulsion fractures on the spinous processes of C6 through T1. The fracture is best demonstrated on a lateral cervical spine radiograph. Clay Shoveler's Fracture This condition is inflammation of the vertebrae. Spondylitis Identify landmark labeled "c" Iliac Crest (L4-5) What type of CR angulation is required for an AP axial projection of the coccyx? 10 degrees caudad A patient comes to radiology for a follow-up study for a Clay Shoveler's fracture. What projection will best demonstrate the extent of this fracture? Lateral cervical spine projection Which specific aspect of the sacrum articulates with the ilium to form the sacroiliac joints? Auricular surface Identify the projection on this radiograph. AP axial sacrum A radiograph of a lateral projection of the lumbar spine reveals that the mid-to lower-intervertebral joint spaces are not open. The patient's waist was supported. Which modifications will help open joint spaces during the repeat exposure? Increase waist support and/or angle CR 5 to 8 degrees caudal. A radiograph of an AP open-mouth projection of the cervical spine reveals that the zygapophyseal joints are not symmetric. No fracture or subluxation is present. Which one of the following positioning errors most likely led to this radiographic outcome? Rotation of the spine. A congenital condition in which the posterior aspects of the vertebrae fail to develop, thus exposing part of the spinal cord. This condition varies greatly in severity and occurs most often at L5. Spina Bifida A radiograph of a lateral thoracic spine reveals that there is excessive density along the posterior aspect of the spine. Even with good collimation, the scatter radiation reaching the image receptor obscures the spinous processes. What can the technologist do to improve the visibility of the post? Place a led mat posterior to the spine. Which of the thoracic vertebra(e) poses no facets for costrotransverse joints? T11-T12 A patient comes to radiology for a follow-up study of the lumbar spine. The patient had a spinal fusion performed at the L3-4 level 4 months earlier. Which of the following would best demonstrate the degree of movement at the fusion site? Lateral hyperextension/flexion The average degree of rotation required to demonstrate the L3-4 zygapophyseal joints is: 45 degrees Along with the upper incisors, what other bony landmark must be aligned for the AP open-mouth projection? Base of the skull A lateral projection of the thoracic spine reveals that the upper aspect, which is a primary area of interest on this patient, is obscured by the patient's shoulders. Which of the following changes will best demonstrate this region of the spine? Perform a cervicothoracic (swimmer's) lateral position. What structure is located at the level of the ASIS? S1-2 The AP open-mouth projection is taken for trauma evaluation. It reveals that the base of the skull and upper incisors are superimposed, but they are obscuring the upper portion of the dens. On the repeat exposure, what alternative view can be done? Fuchs or Judd The bony structures connected directly to the vertebral body are: Pedicles A hyperflexion force that causes fracture through the vertebral body and posterior elements. Patients wearing lap-type seat belts are at risk because these belts act as a fulcrum during sudden deceleration. Chance Fractures Identify the pathology in this radiograph of the lumbar spine: Compression Fracture How much obliquity is required for posterior positions for the sacroiliac joints? 25-30 degrees What level does the jugular notch correspond with? T2-T3 What term describes the normal concave curvature of the lumbar spine or an exaggerated concave lumbar curvature? Lordosis The joints between articular processes of vertebra are termed ______ joints. Zygapophyseal joints Evaluate the oblique lumbar spine image The pedicles are too posterior to the vertebral body, rotate the patient less. Identify landmark labeled "b" (ASIS S1-2) Identify landmark labeled "d" Lower Costal Margin (L2-3) Identify landmark labeled "e" Xiphoid tip (T9-10) 1.) What projection best demonstrates the zygapophyseal joints located in the cervical spine? 2.) Intervertebral foramina? 1.) 90 degrees true lateral position 2.) 45 degrees anterior oblique (side closest to the IR) 1.) What projection best demonstrates the zygapophyseal joints located in the Thoracic spine? 2.) Intervertebral foramina? 1.) 70 degrees anterior oblique (side closest to the IR) 2.) lateral position 1.) What projection best demonstrates the zygapophyseal joints located in the Lumbar spine? 2.) Intervertebral foramina? 1.) 45 degrees posterior oblique (side closest to the IR) 2.) lateral position Know all of the normal adult curvatures. normal adult curvatures. Know lordosis and Kyphosis lordosis and Kyphosis Know the cross-sectional axial view of intervertebral disk cross-sectional axial view of intervertebral disk Know the parts of the typical (C3-C6) cervical vertebrae Parts of the (C3-C6) cervical vertebrae - Superior View Know the parts of the typical cervical vertebrae lateral view (C3-C6) Parts of the typical cervical vertebrae lateral view (C3-C6) Know the parts of the Atlas (C1) Atlas (C1) superior view Know the parts of the Axis (C2) Axis (C2) posterior superior view Know the parts of the C1 and C2 C1 and C2 - Posterior Oblique View Know the thoracic vertebrae rib articulations Thoracic Vertebrae rib articulations Know the parts of the typical thoracic vertebrae Parts of the tKnowypical thoracic vertebrae Know the cervical spine landmarks Cervical Spine Landmarks Know the sternum and thoracic spine landmarks Sternum and Thoracic spine landmarks Know all parts of the lumbar vertebrae parts of the lumbar vertebrae- lateral view Know the parts of the Lumbar Vertebrae superior view Parts of the Lumbar Vertebrae superior view Know all of the parts of the Lumbar Vertebrae- posterior view and anterior view Parts of the Lumbar Vertebrae- posterior view and anterior view Know all the parts of the sacrum Parts of the sacrum- anterior view Know all the parts of the sacrum- Lateral View Parts of the sacrum- Lateral View Know all the parts of the coccyx parts of the coccyx- anterior view Know the "Scottie dog" The "Scottie Dog" - 45 degree oblique projection of a Lumbar vertebra -the dog faces it's master Does the Lumbar vertebrae Posterior oblique show the "upside" or "downside" joints? Posterior oblique- downside joints Does the Lumbar vertebrae anterior oblique show the "upside" or "downside" joints? Anterior oblique- upside joints Know the lower spine landmarks Lower spine landmarks