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THE END OF BIPOLARITY EXTRA QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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THE END OF BIPOLARITYEXTRA QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. What pivotal event in 1989 marked the symbolic end of the Cold War and
triggered a historic chain of events, leading to the reunification of Germany and
the collapse of the 'second world'?
Ans: The Berlin Wall, which had been built at the height of the Cold War and was its greatest
symbol, was toppled by the people in 1989. This dramatic event was followed by an equally
dramatic and historic chain of events that led to the collapse of the ‘second world’ and the end
of the Cold War. Germany, divided after the Second World War, was unified.
2. How did the countries in Eastern Europe change their governments during the
end of the Cold War in the late 1980s, and what was the significant role played by
ordinary people in this transformation?
Ans: One after another, the eight East European countries that were part of the Soviet bloc
replaced their communist governments in response to mass demonstrations. The Soviet Union
stood by as the Cold War began to end, not by military means but as a result of mass actions
by ordinary men and women. Eventually the Soviet Union itself disintegrated.
3. Write a short note on the Berlin Wall.
OR
What was the purpose of the Berlin Wall? When did it come down? What did it
signify?
Ans:
i. Purpose: The Berlin Wall symbolised the division between the capitalist and the
communist world. Built in 1961 to separate East Berlin from West Berlin, this more
than 150-kilometre-long wall stood for 28 years.
ii. It was finally broken by the people on 9 November 1989.
iii. Significance: This marked the unification of the two parts of Germany and the
beginning of the end of the communist bloc.
4. Describe the foundational principles of the Soviet System established after the
socialist revolution in Russia in 1917.
Ans:
i. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) came into being after the socialist
revolution in Russia in 1917.
ii. The revolution was inspired by the ideals of socialism, as opposed to capitalism, and
the need for an egalitarian society.
iii. This was perhaps the biggest attempt in human history to abolish the institution of
private property and consciously design a society based on principles of equality. In
doing so, the makers of the Soviet system gave primacy to the state and the institution
of the party.
5. What was the role of the Communist Party in the political and economic system
of the Soviet Union.
, The Soviet political system centred around the communist party, and no other political
party or opposition was allowed. The economy was planned and controlled by the state.
6. Examine the impact of the Soviet Union on the East European countries it
controlled after the Second World War, including the formation of the Second
World or the 'socialist bloc' and the role of the Warsaw Pact.
Ans:
i. After the Second World War, the east European countries that the Soviet army had
liberated from the fascist forces came under the control of the USSR. The political
and the economic systems of all these countries were modelled after the USSR.
This group of countries was called the Second World or the ‘socialist bloc’.
ii. The Warsaw Pact, a military alliance, held the socialist bloc together. The USSR
was the leader of the bloc.
7. Discuss the economic structure of the Soviet Union after the Second World War,
highlighting its key features and areas of strength.
Ans: The Soviet Union became a great power after the Second World War. The
Soviet economy was then more developed than the rest of the world except for the
US:
i. It had a complex communications network, vast energy resources including oil, iron
and steel, machinery production, and a transport sector that connected its remotest
areas with efficiency.
ii. It had a domestic consumer industry that produced everything from pins to cars,
though their quality did not match that of the Western capitalist countries.
8. Describe the socio-economic conditions in the Soviet Union during its peak after
the Second World War, considering factors such as standard of living, state
subsidies, and state ownership.
Ans:The socio-economic conditions in the Soviet Union
i. Standard of Living: At its peak, the Soviet Union provided a minimum standard
of living for all citizens. The government subsidized basic necessities, including
health, education, and childcare and other welfare schemes.
ii. Universal Employment: There was an absence of unemployment in the Soviet
Union.
iii. State ownership dominated: Land and productive assets were controlled by the
Soviet state.
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