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Cell Structure
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everything you need about the inside of a cell
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Eukaryotic Cell Structure cell movement is important in developmentcell movement is polarised and directional
Algae:
Plant • single celled
• same as plant cells- cellulose +
Animal
Anucleate Cells- cells with no nucleus
glycoprotein cell wall
e.g. Red Blood Cells as they carry oxygen
Cellulose Lysosomes
Cell Wall
Cell Surface Membrane
Vacuole
SER
Chloroplasts
80s Ribosomes
i RER
I
Nucleus
Mitochondria Fungi:
• no chloroplasts
Golgi Apparatus
• cell wall made of chitin-
polysaccharide made up of
Cytoplasm glycan + glycoproteins
Nucleoplasm contains proteins,
Organelles- small structures inside a cell with specific functions RNA, ribonucleoproteins +
Cell/Plasma Membrane- regulates materials entering and exiting the cell fibrous chromatin which make
up to 80-90% of volume
• structure, phospholipid bilayer
Cytoplasm- all cell contents that lie between cell membrane and nucleus (organelles + cytosol)
• structure, made up of amorphous fluid + soluble components + organelles
Cytosol- liquid portion (non-organelles) Endoplasmic Reticulum = ER
Nucleus Morphology = Shape SER Single membrane, more RER
Nucleolus • varies in shape, size, location than 50% of membrane
Nuclear •
TE
large, spherical in cell, extends through
Envelope• centre of cell cytoplasm, associated
Nuclear • 6 μm diameter • same as RER with vesicles • network
of fluid filled
Pore • 10% of cell volume • no ribosomes membranes
• regulates DNA & RNA actions • not attached to nucleus • has ribosomes- produce
• controls cells activities • produces + transports lipids secretory proteins
Nuclear Envelope- regulates what enters or • tube + channels structure • attached to nucleus
exits the nucleus, double layer of lipids
Nucleolus- produces RNA, used to make all Ribosomes Lysosomes
made by ER, 1μm diameter, fuse with
proteins good vacuoles, polymers digested
to monomers, pass to cytosol to
• inside nucleus, separate from DNA become nutrients of cell
Deoxyibonucleic Acid (DNA)- information • makes proteins • type of golgi vesicle ean protest.si
on how to make proteins, made up of • really small and circular • simple membrane-bound sacs
nucleotides • attached to RER or free • aationserompus
contains digestive hydrolytic
createspnsensitivetomaenatore
Chromatin- unorganised DNA (normal state) • made up of protein + enzymes = Lysozymes which
Chromosomes- organised DNA (present ribosomal RNA hydrolyse pathogens + old
before cell division) • two subunits cell organelles macromolecules
ApoptosisAutophage PHAGOCYTOSIS
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