Summary
Résumé Droit Comparé
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Samenvatting van het vak (volledig in het Frans) met uitwerking van de verschillende aangehaalde arresten en ook de verschillende voorwerpen
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2023-2024Droit comparé
RÉSUMÉ
SARAH VERHAEGEN
, Droit comparé
Inhoud
1. Notion de droit comparé .............................................................................................................4
2. Notions historiques .....................................................................................................................6
3. Méthodologie de la recherche en droit comparé (micro-comparaison) ........................................8
A. Détermination de l’objet de la recherche – question de recherche...........................................8
B. Le processus comparatif ..........................................................................................................9
I. Connaître ............................................................................................................................9
II. Comparer .......................................................................................................................... 10
III. Expliquer ....................................................................................................................... 10
IV. Evaluer .............................................................................................................................. 10
4. La présomption de similitude .................................................................................................... 10
5. Applications .............................................................................................................................. 11
1. Droit international privé ........................................................................................................ 11
I. Le problème de la qualification .......................................................................................... 11
II. L’application du droit étranger ........................................................................................... 12
III. L’exception d’ordre public international.......................................................................... 12
IV. Choix de droit applicable ................................................................................................... 12
V. Application de certaines règles de conflit de lois ................................................................ 12
2. Droit international public....................................................................................................... 13
I. Négociations internationales ............................................................................................. 13
II. Interprétation des conventions .......................................................................................... 13
3. Droit pénal ............................................................................................................................ 14
4. Meilleure compréhension de son propre droit ....................................................................... 14
5. Réception de droit étranger (legal transplant)........................................................................ 15
6. Unification du droit ............................................................................................................... 16
6. Macro-comparaison .................................................................................................................. 18
1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 18
2. René David ............................................................................................................................ 18
3. Zweigert et Kötz .................................................................................................................... 19
4. Constantinesco ...................................................................................................................... 20
5. Mattei ................................................................................................................................... 20
6. Husa ...................................................................................................................................... 20
7. La France ................................................................................................................................... 20
1
, A. Histoire générale ................................................................................................................... 20
B. Constitution/structure de l’état ............................................................................................. 21
C. Ordre judicaire ...................................................................................................................... 22
D. Histoire du droit privé............................................................................................................ 22
E. Caractéristiques du Code civil ................................................................................................ 24
1. Position du juge face à la loi ............................................................................................... 25
F. Le code civil ........................................................................................................................... 25
G. Réception du code civil .......................................................................................................... 25
8. Pays-Bas .................................................................................................................................... 26
A. Remarques historiques .......................................................................................................... 26
B. Nieuw Burgelijk wetboek ....................................................................................................... 26
C. Ordre judiciaire ..................................................................................................................... 27
D. Constitution .......................................................................................................................... 27
9. Allemagne ................................................................................................................................. 28
A. Remarques historiques .......................................................................................................... 28
1. Constitution de 1949 (Grundgesetz) .................................................................................. 28
2. Parlement fédéral .............................................................................................................. 28
B. Histoire du droit privé............................................................................................................ 29
C. Caractéristiques du BGB ........................................................................................................ 30
1. Influence du BGB ............................................................................................................... 33
D. Ordre judiciaire ..................................................................................................................... 33
10. Autriche ................................................................................................................................ 33
1. Structure ............................................................................................................................... 34
2. Structure étatique ................................................................................................................. 35
3. Ordre judiciaire (matière civile) ............................................................................................. 35
11. La Suisse................................................................................................................................ 35
1. Histoire ................................................................................................................................. 36
2. Caractéristiques du ZGB:........................................................................................................ 36
3. Influence du ZGB ................................................................................................................... 38
12. Italie ...................................................................................................................................... 38
13. Tradition de la Common law .................................................................................................. 40
14. Droit anglais .......................................................................................................................... 41
A. Histoire ................................................................................................................................. 41
1. Constitution .......................................................................................................................... 43
2. Les acteurs du droit anglais ................................................................................................... 44
3. Ordre judiciaire ..................................................................................................................... 44
2
, 4. Diffusion de la Common Law ................................................................................................. 45
5. Le trust .................................................................................................................................. 45
12. Les Etats-Unis .............................................................................................................................. 46
A. Remarques historiques .......................................................................................................... 46
2. La Constitution ...................................................................................................................... 47
3. Sources de droit .................................................................................................................... 49
4. Ordre judiciaire ..................................................................................................................... 50
15. La doctrine des précédents .................................................................................................... 50
1. Angleterre ............................................................................................................................. 50
2. États-Unis .............................................................................................................................. 52
3. Allemagne et France .............................................................................................................. 53
4. Overrulling et modulation temporelle des modifications de la jurisprudence ......................... 53
3
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