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Samenvatting notities excursies plantkunde - bioingenieurswetenschappen UGent
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notities van de excursies plantkunde 1e bachelor bio-ingenieurswetenschappen aan de UGent
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Notities excursiesbomen en struiken
(aelmoeseneienbos)
PINACEAE
GYMNOSPERMEN (naaktzadigen)
KENMERKEN:
- Naalden
- Kegels i.p.v. bloemen en vruchten
o Mannelijk = hangend
o Vrouwelijk = staand
Zaadschub + 2 zaadknoppen
Dekschub
- Eenhuizig
- Verzurend strooisel
- Stomatale banden aan onderzijde naalden
VERSPREIDING:
- Wind (anemochorie)
- Zaden vallen (barochorie)
- Dieren (zoöchorie)
Plant Kenmerken
Grove den – Pinus sylvestris - Grenenhout: Gelig/wit buitenkant, bruine kern
- “oranje” schors
- Kleine jaarringen
- Kernhout (geen gaatjes) en spinthout
(gaatjes)
- Lange naalden per 2
- Veel licht nodig
- Slecht verteerbaar strooisel weinig
ondergroei
- Constructiehout
BELANGRIJK = VERSCHILLEN SPAR EN DEN
Fijnspar – Picea abies - Wit hout
- Vurenhout = minder duurzaam
- Kortere naalden willekeurig
- Schaduwtolerant
Zilverspar – Abies alba - Korte naalden in 1 vlak
, - M-vormige naaldtop
- Schaduwtolerant
Zwarte den – Pinus nigra - Lange donkergroene naalden per 2
Lork / Larix - Naalden in kransjes
- Verliest naalden in de winter
- Duurzaam hout
Douglasspar - Zalmroze
- Brede jaarringen
SAPINDACEAE
KENMERKEN:
- Doosvruchten, gevleugelde nootjes = samara
- bestuiving via insecten
VERSPREIDING:
- zoöchorie
- anemochorie
ZIEKTES:
- bloedingsziekte
- inktvlekkenziekte
Plant Kenmerken
Noorse esdoorn – Acer platanoides - samara = noot + vleugeltje
verschillend bij elke esdoorn:
Gewone: 90°
Noorse: 140°
Veldesdoorn: 180°
- Floëem = maple syrup
- Hout voor muziekinstrumenten
Spaanse aak – Acer campestre - Struikje
- Klein handnervig blad
Witte paardenkastanje – Aesculus - Diep ingesneden bladeren
hippoastanum - Witte bloemen
- Niet eetbare kastanje = zaadjes in
doosvrucht
vs. tamme kastanje = vrucht met
zaadjes in, in een napje
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