Irene Gold – Physiology – Q&A (Passed!!)
What percentage of blood flows passively into RA ✔️Ans - 80%
Atrial contraction occurs at what wave ✔️Ans - P-wave
Atrial contraction starts at ✔️Ans - SA node in RA christa terminalis
AV node delay occurs at what EKG section ✔️Ans - P-R interval
Heart S-1 ✔️Ans - AV valves close
Blood oxygenates via ✔️Ans - Bohr effect
Oxygen per molecule of Hb? ✔️Ans - Four oxygen/Hb molecule
Umbilical a. becomes what after birth? ✔️Ans - Pulmonary a.
Umbilical v. becomes what after birth? ✔️Ans - Pulmonary v.
When is enough pressure reached to open pulmonic semilunar valves
✔️Ans - Mid-systole
Ventricular depolarization occurs at what EKG section ✔️Ans - QRS
complex
Heart S-2 ✔️Ans - Semilunar valves close
Isovolumetric contraction occurs at what EKG point ✔️Ans - R
Location of moderator band ✔️Ans - RV bundle of His
Atrial depolarization occurs at what EKG point ✔️Ans - Q
What two structures prevent AV valves from blowing back from ventricular
contration ✔️Ans - Chordae tendinae and papillary muscles
Ventricular repolarization occurs at what EKG point ✔️Ans - T wave
,Repolarization of papillary muscles occurs at what EKG point ✔️Ans - U
wave
Isovolumetric relaxation occurs at what EKG section ✔️Ans - S-T segment
MI can occur at which two EKG points ✔️Ans - Inverted T-wave
Altered S-T segment
What prevents heart from tetany ✔️Ans - Slow calcium channels - long
absolute refractory period
Heart can beat on its own due to? ✔️Ans - Leaky sodium channels
What type of heart block involves elongation of P-R interval ✔️Ans -
Primary
What type of heart block involves Winkebocks phenomena - elongation of P-R
interval until 2nd atrial depolarization occurs ✔️Ans - Secondary
What type of heart block involves a random EKG ✔️Ans - Complete
Which heart sound occurs with ventricular gallop in CHF ✔️Ans - S-3
Which heart sound occurs with atrial gallop in CHF - heard in diastole
✔️Ans - S-4
Diastole is contraction or relaxation? ✔️Ans - Relaxation + filling
Systole is contraction or relaxation? ✔️Ans - Contraction
What test detects heart murmurs ✔️Ans - Echocardiogram
MCC of CHF ✔️Ans - Essential hypertension
2nd MCC of CHF ✔️Ans - Aortic stenosis
Blood backing up into LV in CHF causes ✔️Ans - LV hypertrophy
, Blood backing up into LA and lungs in CHF causes ✔️Ans - Pulmonary
edema/HTN
Pulmonary edema/HTN in CHF causes what symptoms ✔️Ans - Exertional
dyspnea and orthopnea
MCC of right sided heart failure ✔️Ans - Left sided heart failure
What can cause isolated right sided heart failure ✔️Ans - Cor pulmonale -
lung condition (emphysema, pneumonia, etc.)
Order of places blood will back up in CHF ✔️Ans - LV -> LA -> lungs -> RV -
> RA
Blood backing up into RA in CHF pushes on SVC causing ✔️Ans - Pulsation
of jugular v.
Blood backing up into RA in CHF pushies on IVC causing ✔️Ans - Blood
back up to liver and legs - pitting edema
Which vein is associated with pitting edema in late CHF ✔️Ans - Lesser
saphenous v.
What two things can ascites be caused by ✔️Ans - Portal HTN or
alcoholism
MCC of liver failure ✔️Ans - Alcoholism
What is the pathway from alcoholism to Mallory Weiss syndrome ✔️Ans -
Alcoholism -> liver failure -> esophageal varies -> hematemesis (vomiting
blood) -> Mallory Weiss syndrome
Alcoholism can cause thiamin/B1 deficiency which can lead to ✔️Ans -
Wernicke-Korsakoff psychosis
Which vessel layer is innermost ✔️Ans - Tunica intima
Which vessel layer is largest ✔️Ans - Tunica muscularis
What percentage of blood flows passively into RA ✔️Ans - 80%
Atrial contraction occurs at what wave ✔️Ans - P-wave
Atrial contraction starts at ✔️Ans - SA node in RA christa terminalis
AV node delay occurs at what EKG section ✔️Ans - P-R interval
Heart S-1 ✔️Ans - AV valves close
Blood oxygenates via ✔️Ans - Bohr effect
Oxygen per molecule of Hb? ✔️Ans - Four oxygen/Hb molecule
Umbilical a. becomes what after birth? ✔️Ans - Pulmonary a.
Umbilical v. becomes what after birth? ✔️Ans - Pulmonary v.
When is enough pressure reached to open pulmonic semilunar valves
✔️Ans - Mid-systole
Ventricular depolarization occurs at what EKG section ✔️Ans - QRS
complex
Heart S-2 ✔️Ans - Semilunar valves close
Isovolumetric contraction occurs at what EKG point ✔️Ans - R
Location of moderator band ✔️Ans - RV bundle of His
Atrial depolarization occurs at what EKG point ✔️Ans - Q
What two structures prevent AV valves from blowing back from ventricular
contration ✔️Ans - Chordae tendinae and papillary muscles
Ventricular repolarization occurs at what EKG point ✔️Ans - T wave
,Repolarization of papillary muscles occurs at what EKG point ✔️Ans - U
wave
Isovolumetric relaxation occurs at what EKG section ✔️Ans - S-T segment
MI can occur at which two EKG points ✔️Ans - Inverted T-wave
Altered S-T segment
What prevents heart from tetany ✔️Ans - Slow calcium channels - long
absolute refractory period
Heart can beat on its own due to? ✔️Ans - Leaky sodium channels
What type of heart block involves elongation of P-R interval ✔️Ans -
Primary
What type of heart block involves Winkebocks phenomena - elongation of P-R
interval until 2nd atrial depolarization occurs ✔️Ans - Secondary
What type of heart block involves a random EKG ✔️Ans - Complete
Which heart sound occurs with ventricular gallop in CHF ✔️Ans - S-3
Which heart sound occurs with atrial gallop in CHF - heard in diastole
✔️Ans - S-4
Diastole is contraction or relaxation? ✔️Ans - Relaxation + filling
Systole is contraction or relaxation? ✔️Ans - Contraction
What test detects heart murmurs ✔️Ans - Echocardiogram
MCC of CHF ✔️Ans - Essential hypertension
2nd MCC of CHF ✔️Ans - Aortic stenosis
Blood backing up into LV in CHF causes ✔️Ans - LV hypertrophy
, Blood backing up into LA and lungs in CHF causes ✔️Ans - Pulmonary
edema/HTN
Pulmonary edema/HTN in CHF causes what symptoms ✔️Ans - Exertional
dyspnea and orthopnea
MCC of right sided heart failure ✔️Ans - Left sided heart failure
What can cause isolated right sided heart failure ✔️Ans - Cor pulmonale -
lung condition (emphysema, pneumonia, etc.)
Order of places blood will back up in CHF ✔️Ans - LV -> LA -> lungs -> RV -
> RA
Blood backing up into RA in CHF pushes on SVC causing ✔️Ans - Pulsation
of jugular v.
Blood backing up into RA in CHF pushies on IVC causing ✔️Ans - Blood
back up to liver and legs - pitting edema
Which vein is associated with pitting edema in late CHF ✔️Ans - Lesser
saphenous v.
What two things can ascites be caused by ✔️Ans - Portal HTN or
alcoholism
MCC of liver failure ✔️Ans - Alcoholism
What is the pathway from alcoholism to Mallory Weiss syndrome ✔️Ans -
Alcoholism -> liver failure -> esophageal varies -> hematemesis (vomiting
blood) -> Mallory Weiss syndrome
Alcoholism can cause thiamin/B1 deficiency which can lead to ✔️Ans -
Wernicke-Korsakoff psychosis
Which vessel layer is innermost ✔️Ans - Tunica intima
Which vessel layer is largest ✔️Ans - Tunica muscularis
