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Volledige samenvatting orgaanfysiologie en pathofysiologie 2

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Samenvatting orgaanfysiologie deel ademhalingsstelsel, gegeven zowel in het 2e jaar als 1e jaar. Samenvatting omvat de lessen van de prof en (indien nodig) aanvullende informatie.

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  • December 27, 2023
  • 31
  • 2023/2024
  • Summary
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Ademhalingsstelsel




1

,Inhoudsopgave
A. MECHANICA VAN DE ADEMHALING
1. Het respiratoir systeem .......................................................................................................................4
1.1 Algemeen ........................................................................................................................................4
1.2 Functies van de ademhalingssysteem ............................................................................................5
1.3 Diffusie van gassen .........................................................................................................................5

1.4 Structuur van de longen .................................................................................................................6

1.5 De pleurale holte / vlies..................................................................................................................6

1.6 Slokdarm en de pulonale arterie ....................................................................................................7

1.7 De luchtwegen ................................................................................................................................7

1.8 Epitheel van de trachea ..................................................................................................................8

1.9 Pulonaire circulatie .........................................................................................................................9

2. Gaswetten ............................................................................................................................................9
3. Ventilatie ........................................................................................................................................... 10
3.1 Spirometer............................................................................................................................... 10

3.2 Inspiratie en expiratie.............................................................................................................. 11

3.3 De ribben ................................................................................................................................. 12

3.4 Druk-volume verhouding ........................................................................................................ 12

3.5 Balans tussen elastische recoil van thorax en long ................................................................. 14

3.6 Pneumothorax ......................................................................................................................... 14

3.7 Volume-druk verhouding ........................................................................................................ 15

3.8 Compliance .............................................................................................................................. 15

3.9 Surfactant ................................................................................................................................ 16

3.10 RDS of the newborn .............................................................................................................. 17

3.11 Luchtflow door de luchtwegen ............................................................................................. 17

3.12 Regeling van de luchtweerstand ........................................................................................... 17

3.13 Functie ventilatie ................................................................................................................... 18

3.14 Respiratiecyclus van een vlowassene ................................................................................... 19

3.15 Restructief VS obstructief longlijden ..................................................................................... 20




2

, B. GASUITWISSELING EN TRANSPORT

4. Gasuitwisseling in de long en in de weefsels ................................................................................... 22
4.1 Algemeen ..................................................................................................................................... 22
4.2 Diffusiewetten ............................................................................................................................. 22
4.3 Ventilatie-perfusie verhouding.................................................................................................... 23
4.3.1 V/Q verhouding op delen van de longen......................................................................... 24
4.3.2 V/Q verhouding op 3 theoretische punten ..................................................................... 25
4.3.3 Non-uniformiteit van de V/Q verhouding ....................................................................... 26
5. Gastransport in het bloed ................................................................................................................ 27
5.1 Gasbinding en -transport van O2 ................................................................................................ 27
5.1.1 Wat is hemoglobine......................................................................................................... 28
5.1.2 Het Bohr effect................................................................................................................. 29

5.2 Gasbinding en -transport van CO2 .............................................................................................. 29
5.2.1 Hemoglobine op CO2....................................................................................................... 30

6. Controle van de ademhaling ............................................................................................................ 31
6.1 Homeostase van bloedgassen ..................................................................................................... 31
6.2 Regeling ventilatie ....................................................................................................................... 31




3

, A. MECHANICA VAN DE ADEMHALING

1. Het respiratoir systeem
1.1 Algemeen
-> Longen spelen niet zo een heel grote rol in het ademhalingssysteem.
-> Eencellige organismen ademen niet echt, hun uitwisseling gebeurt via diffusie
-> Eencellige organismen geen ademhalingsstelsel
-> Grotere organismen wel ademhalingsstelsel

4 processen voor ademhaling (met als einddoel, zuurstof naar de cellen brengen)

1. Ventilatie
Longen staat hier centraal : functie is om zuurstof op te nemen en CO2 uit te
scheiden in grote hoeveelheden
1. Externe gaswisseling:
Dat is het contact van de lucht in de longen en het bloed, gebeurt via diffusie
3. Transport:
Gebeurt via het hart (cardiovasculair systeem) waarbij zuurstof getransporteerd
wordt.
Is in krachtig nodig, want het moet 5L bloed /min transporteren, waarin ook O2
getransporteerd wordt.
4. Interne gasuitwisseling:
Diffusie van zuurstof vanuit het bloed, naar cellen (& CO2) , naar de andere
richting uit.




4

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