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samenvatting political parties
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Lecture notes of 5 pages for the course political parties transformations origins at RU (Lecture Summary)
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Political parties lec 2Urbinati: You dont have contestation you don’t have pluralism (peaceful coexistence)
constituencies were often not contested: niet meerdere kandidaten van zelfde partij
3 points mass part
- Right to vote
- Industrialization: class structure, working class
- Secularization:
Neo-Mass Party: Sterke hierarchy,
- Success: good at mobilizing
Verschillen tussen partijen: mobilizing, representing citizens
Political parties lec 3
Policy and socio meest belangrijk according to mudde/mair
What were political parties and what are they now?
- Ideology
- Support
Liberalism: original very radical
- Elitist; small middle class, voting very limited, represents doctors, lawyers, not about mass
mobilization,
- Become minor parties late 19th century because they are cadre parties
- Post ww2 liberals lose place in society
- Role of the state unclear between liberals (positive freedoms or protected)
Rise neo conservatism changes everything with old conservatism
Political parties lec 4
Christian parties: mobilizing a Christian identity, originally a one time change but they stayed
Role state: get involved in things that society cant do themselves. Semi-autonomously run from the
state. State not too involved otherwise no room for autonomous Christian orgas. subsidiaries
- Market not penetrating whole society, exists but not too much
- Mediate/coalition between classes so not opposed to traditional class structure
- Orgas represent the different classes
- Person embedded in society difference with individualism
- Allies tried to organize the welfare state
, 1990 christian parties decline
- Secularization less religion more autonomy
Problem scientific marxism
- Marx didn’t care about politics only about history, no idea about how things should be done
they will come themselves
- History about class conflict
- Socialists tended to be more reformist than the communists
Keynesian: accept capitalism but active role state in mitigating capitalism
Economic changes
- 1950 tot 1970 enorme economische groei in alle west landen, meer consumer goods
- Old keynesian solution didnt work anymore after 1970, growth slows down inflation rises
- Becomes ideological crisis
Mitterand
- Socialist revolution
- About ideology not structure
Blair
- Market reforms and education
Political parties lec 6
Cleavages
- An issue is subsumed inside a cleavage
- Persists over generations an important point
- There has to be actors that are collecting/mobilizing the cleavage
- Parties have to do with cleavages inherent in society
National revolution leads to church-state tension which will result in cleavages.
Center-periphery cleavage is about state formation for example Catalonia
Overlapping cleavages structure party systems
Read article this lecture on cleavafes
Problem for the left to be able to frame material and post-material into one party
Globalization is felt at national level leads to a new cleavage with dimensions: eco,cultural dimension.
They talk about demarcation (closed) and integration (open) that is the cleavage. You can place
parties/individuals on these dimensions see picture slide 41-48. First major cleavage about
economics, politics was one dimensional.
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