A summary of two key case studies; Lympstone and Toxteth involving the key social, political, environmental and economical differences allowing for an in depth understanding for the essay questions and A* grade content.
Characteristic Lympstone Toxteth
Past Saxons established the area- forced Saxons also established a
Characteristics original Celtics out of it settlement here- coastal village
Norman conquest improved links along the river Mersey
with Europe Royal Hunting ground for King
13th century- small port with cross John for 300 years
channel links and boat making 16th century- farming industry
industry growth growth
19th century- strong links maintained Industrial Revolution- copper
but as the scale of ships increased, works, forges and ceramic
the shipbuilding industry declines factories emerged
1840s- Tourism and many wealthy Population growth as a result of
families moved in. growing employment
Time space compression- growth in opportunities- low quality
the shellfish industry- wider market housing
accessed. Increasing connections with the
world led to this increase
Natural Small valley of red breccia cliffs- On the banks of the River Mersey
Characteristics marks the end of the Exe estuary Little foreshore- the Mersey
1.5km wide tidal mudflats at the narrows a lot before passing into
estuary Liverpool
A pebble beach as well
Built The town centre- strict planning Adapted to suit the migrant
Environment permission so old architecture is community- mosques and ethnic
conserved retailers are evident in the area.
Former shops have been converted
into residences- large housing on
the cliffs of the village periphery
Demography Top heavy age structure- more old Due to the good links- Toxteth is
people very diverse and has people from
Homogenous ethnically- 98.9% of Hong Kong, West Africa and the
the population is white- this is Caribbean- migration was high
because there was little migration due to many employment
opportunity in the past as the area opportunities
never expanded into the secondary 78.6% white, 6.9% Black African
sector. Child residency is at 15% and Caribbean, 4.6% Asian, 6% mixed
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, elderly at 20.02%. and 3.9% other. 76.8% of the
population is of working age.
Housing and 2.3 is the average household size 1.9 s the average household size
tenure with a 66.1% owner occupancy- less with a 24% owner occupancy-
social inequality as more people are more social inequality as less can
able to afford the housing. 8.06% of afford the houses. 26.9% of the
homes are socially rented population is a registered social
The average house price was landlord.
£406,763 The average house price is
£102,674
Healthcare 4.1% of the population are in very 9.4% of people are in very bad
bad health whereas 56.98% are in health. Average life expectancy is
very good health- much better than at 77.7 and child obesity rates are
the 47% nationally. at 32.7% (National Average is
29.8%)
Employment 14.1% of the population (over 16) 27.2% of the population (over 16)
and Education have no formal qualifications . have no formal qualifications
Employment rate of 88.75%. 36.5% of people are in full time
Employment in the knowledge employment
sector is in the bottom 40% 30.7% of people have a NVQ level
nationally. 4 qualification
NVQ Level 4 qualification- 26.09% of
people
Cultural Profile Mostly Christian community with Due to the diversity- there is also
Christmas and Easter being the main a blend of cultures. Eid and
festivals. Ramadan are recognised festivals
in the area and the Black
population have different styles
of Christian worship.
Political profile Parish council with 11 elected City council which is similar in
members- mainly local power and power and roles to the
deal with community affairs. Lympstone area.
In general elections, there was a In the general election there was
73.3% voter turnout a 62.9% voter turnout
Extra 20% least deprived neighbourhoods 10% of the most deprived
neighbourhoods
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, Contrasting social inequalities- Jembatan Besi and Northwood
Characteristic Jembatan Besi Northwood
Housing Well-built ground floors but any floors Single family housing with an
above are very makeshift- not safe average household size of 2.87
and built from scrap material Median home value of $628,672
Risk of fires- wood is often used for and is significantly higher than
the construction and filament light the NA of $178,000- as most
bulbs are open- can spark people own homes, there is little
Overcrowded homes- 20 people per social inequality
house
Environmental Housing is very congested so difficult Little air pollution and a lot of
Quality to get sunlight greenery- fewer respiratory
Toilets flush into open waters- diseases
dangerous and polluted water for the Clean streets
surrounding area. 100% access to water and each
Lots of kerosene used in homes- home has their own toilet- good
congestion means that there is a lot of hygiene and sanitation.
air pollution.
Access to Absolute poverty- few people have High income area- lots of access
resources access to the basic resources to the best resources and a good
Difficult to establish businesses- little chance in life.
chance to make money Good access to education and
tertiary sector jobs- university
and various schools close by.
Every house has a personal car.
Health No sanitation- public toilets are Lots of access to doctors- good
available but they cost money to use. sanitation and little air pollution
Unbalanced diets mean that diseases make disease rates in the area
such as Kwashiorkor are common very low.
Cholera, typhoid, malaria are common
due to the polluted water- also little
money available to treat them.
Employment Average income of $4 a day- above Median income is $86,500 which
the absolute poverty rate of $1.25 is higher than the NA of
Cheap and unskilled labour jobs %52,500- equal distribution of
available wealth
Self employment is more beneficial Many TNCs such as Blizzard, and
with $200 a week Broadcom have HQs nearby-
Little job security and mobility- most opportunity for employment
people must stay and work in the University close by as well
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