100% tevredenheidsgarantie Direct beschikbaar na betaling Zowel online als in PDF Je zit nergens aan vast
logo-home
VOLLEDIGE hoorcollege aantekeningen Applied Research Methods BE $6.70   In winkelwagen

College aantekeningen

VOLLEDIGE hoorcollege aantekeningen Applied Research Methods BE

 6 keer bekeken  0 keer verkocht
  • Vak
  • Instelling

Aantekeningen van alle hoorcolleges van de cursus Applied Research Methods: Behaviour and Environment (SOW-PSB3RS40E). Het document is in het Engels geschreven en bevat foto's.

Voorbeeld 4 van de 54  pagina's

  • 28 december 2023
  • 54
  • 2023/2024
  • College aantekeningen
  • Pol, p.k.c. ; van de prins, m.h.
  • Alle colleges
avatar-seller
Applied Research Methods BE
Lecture 1: Introduction

Why and how of research


Humans as scientists:
- Humans are scientists by nature (we want to understand/predict)
- But humans are bad scientists by nature (e.g., illogical reasoning, over-generalisation)
- Social-scientific research and use of methodology helps to prevent errors
- Social-scientific research: the systematic observation of social phenomena, with the
aim of finding and understanding the patterns they contain
o To observe objectively, to reason logically and to draw verifiable conclusions



What is the purpose of research?
- Systematic way of investigating the world around us
- Fundamental research: expand scientific knowledge
- Applied research: evaluate the impact of (social) interventions
o Applied research can also contribute to scientific knowledge
o E.g., change to environment leads to behavioural change?




How do you conduct research?
- Two pillars of science:
o Logic/ theory

, o Observation/ empiricism




Research cycle:
- Research has a cyclic character: ‘the wheel of science’
- Deduction = theory  hypothesis  observations  accept or reject hypothesis
o Making hypotheses from theories that already exists
- Induction = observations  find pattern  conclusion  develop theory
o Making new theories based on the observations you found




Science is a collective effort:
- Research communication is key for the progress of science
o Sharing findings/ research articles
- We make new theories based on what we learned from others (a spiral)


Research cycle:
- Cycle can be seen in a journal article
1. Research problem: what is it about
2. Research question: what do you want to know?
o With specific research question and hypothesis: what is the exact question
and what is the anticipated outcome?

, 3. Method: how can you find this out?
4. Results: what did you find?
o Was the hypothesis confirmed?
5. Discussion: what does this mean?


Social-scientific research:
- Descriptive research: researchers know too little about the research topic; aim of the
research is to better understand the topic and develop methods for subsequent study
o E.g., how happy are the Dutch people?
o Result: insight in one variable


- Explorative research: researchers seek not only to describe, but to investigate
correlations, similarities, and differences
o E.g., is happiness related to wealth?
o Result: insight into relationships between different variables


- Explanatory/ experimental research: researchers have definite expectations about
similarities and differences that might be found and want to test them
o E.g., do people become happier when you give them money?
o Result: insight into causal relationships




Decision about research methods:
- Type of research question informs the research method and how you use it!
- Research methods can be used for multiple purposes
- What do you want to know?
o Descriptive, explorative, explanatory
- And how do you use these research methods?
- Example of how a research method can fit with different research questions:
o You can use eye-tracking to describe behaviour
 E.g., how do people look at pictures of faces?
o You can use eye-tracking to explore relations between variables
 E.g., are there gender differences in how people look at faces?
o You can also use eye-tracking to test (or explain) your hypotheses
 E.g., do participants primed with food smells first look at a person’s
mouth?

, Ideal research process uses triangulation:
- Combination of various research methods to investigate the same research question
- Triangulation = from three viewpoints


Example of mindfulness:
- Research question: does mindfulness benefit well-being at the police?
- Focus group to explore interrelations and develop hypotheses
o Mindfulness is associated with work stress and perspective taking of
colleagues and civilians
- Mindfulness intervention to test hypotheses
o Mindfulness decreased work stress and increased perspective taking of
colleagues and civilians


Research ethics:
- Some ethical issues in doing research:
 Voluntary participation – researchers are not allowed to force people to cooperate
 No injuries/ harm – researchers are not allowed to damage participants (physically,
emotionally, or psychologically)
 Stopping without consequences – participants are allowed to quit without
explanation
 Anonymity and confidentiality – researchers must guarantee anonymity wherever
possible
 Reimbursement – rewards need to be proportional to effort/ exposure
 Debriefing – researchers must explain what they did
- Integrity towards scientific community (e.g., no fraude)
 Analysis and reporting – researchers must be honest and open
 Institutional review boards – researchers must answer to a supervisory committee
that monitors the ethical side of research
o E.g., Ethics Committee Social Science
 Professional codes – researchers must abide to an ethical code
o E.g., the professional code of the Netherlands Institute of Psychologists (NIP)



Methods Selection Framework


Methods Selection Framework:
- Helps to make an informed decision about the research method

Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:

Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews

Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews

Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!

Snel en makkelijk kopen

Snel en makkelijk kopen

Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, creditcard of Stuvia-tegoed voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.

Focus op de essentie

Focus op de essentie

Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!

Veelgestelde vragen

Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?

Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.

Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?

Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.

Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?

Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper Juul22. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.

Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?

Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor $6.70. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.

Is Stuvia te vertrouwen?

4,6 sterren op Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

Afgelopen 30 dagen zijn er 83662 samenvattingen verkocht

Opgericht in 2010, al 14 jaar dé plek om samenvattingen te kopen

Start met verkopen

Laatst bekeken door jou


$6.70
  • (0)
  Kopen