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Samenvatting Methodologie_deel_2_Kwantitatief
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Deze samenvatting is enkel kwantitatief. Hierin staan de powerpointslides, lesnotities en het boek in één geheel.
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,Methodologie deel 2 KWANTIInhoudsopgave
1 introductie.................................................................................................................................................. 4
.1 Waar gaat dit vak over?...................................................................................................................................4
.2 Onderzoeksobject: Criminaliteit.......................................................................................................................4
.3 Wetenschap(sopvatting) en empirie................................................................................................................5
.4 Soorten vragen.................................................................................................................................................5
.5 Een criminologische methodologie?................................................................................................................6
Planning en uitvoering................................................................................................................................... 7
.1 Onderzoeksvraag..............................................................................................................................................7
.2 Literatuurstudie................................................................................................................................................7
.3 Voorbereiding...................................................................................................................................................7
.4 Keuze van onderzoeksopzet.............................................................................................................................8
.5 Keuze van analyse-eenheden...........................................................................................................................8
.6 Keuze van dataverzamelingsmethoden...........................................................................................................8
.7 Keuze van analysemethoden............................................................................................................................8
.8 Onderzoeksplan................................................................................................................................................9
Onderzoek naar criminaliteit en aanverwante zaken......................................................................................9
.1 Operationaliseren en meten.............................................................................................................................9
.2 Validiteit en betrouwbaarheid.......................................................................................................................10
.2.1 Constructvaliditeit..................................................................................................................................12
.2.2 Statistische conclusie validiteit...............................................................................................................12
.2.3 Interne validiteit.....................................................................................................................................12
.2.4 Externe validiteit.....................................................................................................................................12
3.3 Bepalen van constructvaliditeit....................................................................................................................12
3.3.1 Betrouwbaarheidsanalyse....................................................................................................................12
3.3.2 Analyse van de validiteit van de operationalisering.............................................................................13
3.4 Andere kwaliteitsaspecten...........................................................................................................................14
3.5 Gelaagde structuur.......................................................................................................................................14
3.6 Typen criminologisch onderzoek..................................................................................................................15
3.6.1 Longitudinaal versus cross-sectioneel onderzoek................................................................................15
3.6.2 Kwalitatief versus kwantitatief onderzoek...........................................................................................15
3.6.3 Toetsend versus exploratief onderzoek...............................................................................................15
3.6.4 Primair versus secundair onderzoek....................................................................................................15
3.7 Toestemming, privacy en ethiek..................................................................................................................15
4 Dataverzameling en bevraging.................................................................................................................. 16
4.1 Introductie....................................................................................................................................................16
4.2 Gestructureerde bevraging..........................................................................................................................17
, 4.3 Vragenlijsten en vragen(lijst)ontwerp..........................................................................................................17
4.4 Schaalconstructie.........................................................................................................................................20
4.5 Afnamemodaliteiten....................................................................................................................................22
4.5.1 Mondelinge afname..............................................................................................................................23
4.5.2 Schriftelijke afname..............................................................................................................................23
4.6 Bedreigende vragen en gevoelige onderwerpen.........................................................................................24
4.7 Besluit...........................................................................................................................................................25
5 Design voor causale samenhang................................................................................................................ 26
5.1 Introductie....................................................................................................................................................26
5.2 Causaliteit.....................................................................................................................................................26
5.3 Afhankelijke en onafhankelijke variabelen..................................................................................................27
5.4 Interventies en het meten van verandering.................................................................................................28
5.5 Design naar experimentaliteit......................................................................................................................28
5.5.1 Observationeel......................................................................................................................................29
5.5.2 Quasi-experimenteel............................................................................................................................29
5.5.3 Experimenteel.......................................................................................................................................30
5.6 Conclusie.......................................................................................................................................................30
6 Selectie van analyse-eenheden.................................................................................................................. 30
6.1 Terminologie................................................................................................................................................30
6.2 Representativiteit en generaliseerbaarheid.................................................................................................32
6.3 Grootte van onderzoeksgroep......................................................................................................................33
6.4 Steekproeftrekking.......................................................................................................................................33
6.4.1 Probability sampling.............................................................................................................................33
6.4.2 non-probability sample.........................................................................................................................37
6.5 conclusie.......................................................................................................................................................38
6.6 Uitval, weigering en non-respons................................................................................................................39
7 Bestaande gegevensbronnen..................................................................................................................... 39
7.1 Secundaire data............................................................................................................................................39
7.1.1 Wat is secundaire data?.......................................................................................................................39
7.1.2 Waarom secundaire data gebruiken?..................................................................................................40
7.1.3 Secundaire data in België.....................................................................................................................41
7.1.4 Internationaal.......................................................................................................................................43
8 Kwaliteit van het surveyonderzoek............................................................................................................ 43
8.1 Inleiding........................................................................................................................................................43
8.2 Validiteit en betrouwbaarheid.....................................................................................................................43
8.2.1 Total Survey Error benadering..............................................................................................................43
, 1 introductie
.1 Waar gaat dit vak over?
Onderzoeksobject: criminaliteit (en aanverwante zaken)
Criminologisch onderzoek
Zoektocht naar omvang en verklaringen van criminaliteit (en aanverwante zaken)
Multidisciplinair
Veelvoud van verschillende verklaringsmodellen
Methoden en technieken
Procedures, handvaten, tools voor onderzoek, van a tot z
Wetenschappelijk onderzoek > toogpraat
“in this recipe, adequate methodology is the essential ingredient. It is the key characteristic
of all intellectual activity that claims the status of being scientific” (Walgrave, 2008, p. 1)
Doelstelling van het handbook
Basisboek ‘methoden en technieken’
Gericht op (tweede) bachelor Criminologische Wetenschappen
Voorkennis statistiek (meetniveau, hypothesetoetsen, significantie…)
Algemene methodologische tools
Specifieke, object-eigen kwesties
(gericht op de Nederlandse situatie) (Holland)
.2 Onderzoeksobject: Criminaliteit
Criminologie = objectwetenschap
Criminaliteit en aanverwante zaken (onveiligheid, overlast…)
Strafbaar en/of ongewenst gedrag
Object = tijd- en ruimte bepaald
Object en reacties (houding, attitudes…) op dit object
o Daderschap, slachtofferschap, onveiligheidsgevoelens…
o Aanpak van daderschap, slachtofferscahp…
o Vertrouwen in politie, justitie…
o …
(Gevoelige, moeilijke vragen niet idereen zal willen antwoorden, als ze willen antwoorden
moet je bv ook denken aan nazorg wanneer er nieuwe emoties naar boven komen)
Objectwetenschap
Object = tijd- en ruimtebepaald
o Bv. moeskopperij (vroeger in strafwetboek, weggehaald, nu komt het voor in
GASreglement)
o Bv. bedelen en landloperij (wet ter beteugeling van landloperij en bedelarij
van 27 november 1866, afgeschaft in 1993)
o Bv. Pitcairn (verhaal van inscest)
o Maar ook bv. debat rond drugs(gebruik), overlast…
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