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Samenvatting - DC-netwerken

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Dit is de samenvatting van het vak DC-netwerken. Gegeven op co-hogeschool Odisee gent. Hierin vindt je alles wat er in de les is gezegd geweest en alles dat op de powerpoints staat.

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  • December 30, 2023
  • 21
  • 2023/2024
  • Summary
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Technologiecampus Odisee Gent



Samenvatting DC-
netwerken
Remi Demeyer




Remi Demeyer
28-11-2023

,Inhoud
Inhoud...............................................................................................................................1
1. Basisgrootheden & eenheden .....................................................................................4
1.1. Begrip elektriciteit ...............................................................................................4
1.2. Eenheden & grootheden .......................................................................................4
1.2.1. Elektrische lading ..........................................................................................4
1.2.1.1. Definitie .....................................................................................................4
1.2.1.2. info ............................................................................................................4
1.2.2. Elektrische spanning ......................................................................................4
1.2.2.1. Definitie .....................................................................................................4
1.2.2.2. Formules ....................................................................................................5
1.2.2.3. Info............................................................................................................5
1.2.2.4. Meten is weten ...........................................................................................5
1.2.2.5. Soorten spanningen ....................................................................................5
1.2.2.6. Definitie gelijkstroom DC.............................................................................5
1.2.2.7. Definitie wisselstroom AC ............................................................................6
1.2.3. Elektrische stroom .........................................................................................6
1.2.3.1. Definitie .....................................................................................................6
1.2.3.2. Formule......................................................................................................6
1.2.3.3. Info............................................................................................................6
1.2.3.4. Meten is weten ...........................................................................................6
1.2.3.5. Onderdelen.................................................................................................6
1.2.4. Elektrische weerstand ....................................................................................7
1.2.4.1. Definitie .....................................................................................................7
1.2.4.2. Info............................................................................................................7
1.2.4.3. Formules ....................................................................................................7
1.2.4.4. Wet van ohm ..............................................................................................7
1.2.5. Energie .........................................................................................................7
1.2.6. Vermogen DC ................................................................................................7
1.2.6.1. Definitie .....................................................................................................7
1.2.6.2. Info............................................................................................................8
1.2.6.3. Formule......................................................................................................8
1.2.7. Arbeid ...........................................................................................................8
1.2.7.1. Definitie .....................................................................................................8
1.2.7.2. Info............................................................................................................8
1.2.7.3. Formules ....................................................................................................8
1.2.8. Rendement....................................................................................................8
1.3. Omzettingen van soorten Energie .........................................................................8
Pagina 1 van 20

, 2. Eenvoudige Dc-netwerken.......................................................................................9
2.1. Elementaire schema’s ..........................................................................................9
2.2. Serieschakeling ...................................................................................................9
2.3. Parallelschakelingen.............................................................................................9
2.4. Spanningsdeler....................................................................................................9
2.5. Stroomdeler ........................................................................................................9
2.6. Driehoek- ster transformatie ..............................................................................10
3. Elektrische bronnen .................................................................................................11
3.1. Spanningsbron ..................................................................................................11
3.1.1. Ideaal .........................................................................................................11
3.1.2. Niet-ideaal...................................................................................................11
3.2. Stroombron .......................................................................................................11
3.2.1. Ideaal .........................................................................................................11
3.2.2. Niet ideaal...................................................................................................11
3.3. Bronconversie....................................................................................................11
3.4. Schakelen van bronnen ......................................................................................11
3.5. Rendement & vermogenoverdracht .....................................................................11
3.5.1. Formules .....................................................................................................11
3.5.2. Info ............................................................................................................12
3.5.3. Formules bij maximum vermogen Ri=Rb.......................................................12
3.5.4. Formules bij onbekend maximum vermogen .................................................12
4. Netwerken ..............................................................................................................13
4.1. Topologie van netwerken....................................................................................13
4.2. Kirchhoff analyse ...............................................................................................13
4.2.1. Stroomwet = 1 ste wet van Kirchhoff ..............................................................13
4.2.2. Spanningswet = 2 de wet van kirchhoff...........................................................13
4.3. Superpositie methode ........................................................................................13
4.4. Thévenin (spanningsequivalent) .........................................................................13
5. RLC als DC-circuitelement ........................................................................................14
5.1. Weerstand als circuitelement ..............................................................................14
5.1.1. Energietransport ..........................................................................................14
5.2. Spoel als circuitelement .....................................................................................14
5.2.1. Energietransport ..........................................................................................14
5.3. Condensator als circuitelement ...........................................................................14
5.3.1. Energietransport ..........................................................................................14
6. Elektrostatica ..........................................................................................................15
6.1. Elektrostatische ladingen ...................................................................................15
6.1.1. beveiliging...................................................................................................15

Pagina 2 van 20

, 6.1.2. Statische elektriciteit ...................................................................................15
6.1.3. Kracht tussen de ladingen ............................................................................15
6.1.4. Gauss oppervlak ..........................................................................................16
6.2. Elektrische veld .................................................................................................16
6.2.1. Elektrisch spectrum .....................................................................................16
6.3. Elektrische veldsterkte .......................................................................................16
6.3.1. Formules .....................................................................................................16
6.4. Elektrische veldsterkte in homogeen veld............................................................17
6.5. Elektrische flux ..................................................................................................17
6.5.1. Wet van Gauss ............................................................................................17
6.5.2. Geladen geleiders ........................................................................................17
6.5.3. Elektrische flux en stroomimpuls ..................................................................17
6.5.3.1. Experiment...............................................................................................17
6.5.3.2. Kortstondige stroomimpuls ........................................................................18
6.5.3.3. Verband tussen flux en stroomimpuls.........................................................18
6.5.4. Elektrisch potentiaal ....................................................................................18
6.5.4.1. Begrip potentiaal ......................................................................................18
6.5.4.2. Potentiaal in een punt van het elektrische veld ...........................................18
6.5.4.3. Potentiaalverschil tussen 2 punten .............................................................20
6.5.5. Kooi van Faraday .........................................................................................20
6.5.5.1. Begrip ......................................................................................................20
6.5.5.2. Toepassingen kooi Faraday ........................................................................20




Pagina 3 van 20

, 1. Basisgrootheden & eenheden
1.1. Begrip elektriciteit
• Samenstelling stof
o Natuurlijke materialen → moleculen → atomen
• Atoom
o Kern
▪ Positief
o Elektronen
▪ Negatief

1.2. Eenheden & grootheden
1.2.1. Elektrische lading
1.2.1.1. Definitie
Elektrische lading, kortweg lading, is een natuurlijke grootheid (Q) die aangeeft op welke
manier een deeltje wordt beïnvloed door elektrische en magnetische velden.

1.2.1.2. info
• Grootheid
o Elektrische lading
• Eenheid
o Coulomb = C
• Afgeleide eenheid
o Ah
• Aantal negatieve ladingen = aantal positieve ladingen
o Atoom = neutraal
o Ongelijknamige ladingen trekken elkaar aan
• Elektronen → grote snelheid → weggeslingerd
• Vrije elektronen = elektrische stroom
• Elektron springt uit zijn baan
o Atoom = positief
▪ Neutraal = evenveel positieve als negatieve ladingen
▪ Positief = te weinig elektronen
▪ Negatief = te veel elektronen
• Evenwicht verbroken → drang naar neutrale toestand herstellen
• Wanneer we 2 niet gelijke geladen lichamen en een verbruiker verbinden ontstaat er
een verplaatsing van elektronen
• Elektrische stroom = verplaatsing van elektronen
• Voorwerpen kunnen positief of negatief geladen zijn.

• Elektron is een elementair deeltje met spin 1/2
• Geen verdere inwendige structuur
• Volgens snaartheorie is elektron, bepaald trillingspatroon in een eendimensionale snaar
• Nog veel discussie

1.2.2. Elektrische spanning
1.2.2.1. Definitie
- verschil in ladingshoeveelheid tussen twee polen




Pagina 4 van 20

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