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  3. Odisee Hogeschool (Odisee)
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  5. Energietechnologie
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  7. Informatietechnologie

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Samenvatting - informatietechnologie
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  • Course
  • Informatietechnologie
  • Institution
  • Odisee Hogeschool (Odisee)

Dit is de samenvatting van het vak informatietechnologie. In deze samenvatting staat de volledige inhoud van wat er in de PowerPoints staat. ook staan hierin de belangerijke dingen waarover de docent het had in de les.

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Document information

  • December 30, 2023
  • 34
  • 2023/2024
  • Summary

Subjects

  • besturingssytemen
  • beveiliging
  • netwerken
  • nieuwe techologieën
  • darknet
  • opbouw pc
  • chatgpt en bard
  • computional thinking

Written for

  • Odisee Hogeschool (Odisee)
  • Energietechnologie
  • Informatietechnologie
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2023-
2024




Samenvatting
informatietechnologie
19/12/2023
REMI DEMEYER

,Inhoud
1. Besturingssystemen ..................................................................................................5
1.1. Taken ..................................................................................................................5
1.2. 32-bit vs 64-bit ...................................................................................................5
1.3. Windows Aero .....................................................................................................5
1.4. UAC ....................................................................................................................5
1.5. Partities ..............................................................................................................5
1.6. FAT vs NTFS ........................................................................................................5
1.7. Opstarten............................................................................................................5
1.8. Bureauaccessoires ...............................................................................................6
1.8.1. Defragmenteren ............................................................................................6
1.8.2. Systeemherstel..............................................................................................6
1.8.3. Foutcontrole ..................................................................................................6
1.9. Registry ..............................................................................................................6
1.10. Linux...................................................................................................................6
1.10.1. Voordelen Linux 1 ..........................................................................................6
1.10.2. Voordelen Linux 2 ..........................................................................................6
1.10.3. Nadelen ........................................................................................................6
1.11. Voordelen MAC ....................................................................................................7
1.12. Nadelen MAC .......................................................................................................7
1.13. BIOS ...................................................................................................................7
1.13.1. Hoe in BIOS geraken .....................................................................................7
1.13.2. Menu’s ..........................................................................................................8
1.14. MS DOS ..............................................................................................................8
1.14.1. Toepassing ....................................................................................................8
1.15. Backup................................................................................................................8
1.15.1. Soorten .........................................................................................................8
2. Beveiliging ................................................................................................................9
2.1. Virus ...................................................................................................................9
2.2. Macro..................................................................................................................9
2.3. Worm..................................................................................................................9
2.4. Stuxnet worm......................................................................................................9
2.5. Trojan horse ........................................................................................................9
2.6. Hoax ...................................................................................................................9
2.7. Sparse infectoren ................................................................................................9
2.8. Soorten virussen ...............................................................................................10
2.9. Verspreiding ......................................................................................................10
2.10. Symptomen.......................................................................................................10
2.11. Extensies ..........................................................................................................10
Pagina 1 van 33

, 2.12. Phising ..............................................................................................................10
2.13. Social engineering .............................................................................................10
2.14. Firewall .............................................................................................................11
2.14.1. Poorten .......................................................................................................11
2.14.2. Software .....................................................................................................11
2.14.3. Soorten firewall ...........................................................................................11
2.14.4. Meerdere firewalls .......................................................................................11
2.15. Firewall vs antivirus ...........................................................................................11
2.16. LinkedIn ............................................................................................................11
2.17. Werking WEP .....................................................................................................12
2.18. Zwakte WEP ......................................................................................................12
2.19. Web gebaseerde aanvallen .................................................................................12
2.20. Soort besmetting op een site..............................................................................12
2.21. Malicious peer-to-peer .......................................................................................12
3. Netwerken ..............................................................................................................13
3.1. Definitie ............................................................................................................13
3.2. Toepassingen.....................................................................................................13
3.3. Geografische indeling .........................................................................................13
3.3.1. PAN = Personal Area Network ......................................................................13
3.3.2. LAN = Local Area Network ...........................................................................13
3.3.3. WLAN = Wireless LAN ..................................................................................13
3.3.4. CAN = Campus Area Network.......................................................................13
3.3.5. MAN = Metropolitan Area Network ................................................................13
3.3.6. WAN = Wide Area Network...........................................................................14
3.3.7. SAN = Storage Area Network .......................................................................14
3.4. Typologieën .......................................................................................................14
3.4.1. Point to point...............................................................................................14
3.4.2. Bustopologie ...............................................................................................14
3.4.3. Stertopologie...............................................................................................14
3.4.4. Ringtopologie ..............................................................................................14
3.4.5. Vermaasd netwerk.......................................................................................14
3.4.6. Boomtopologie ............................................................................................14
3.5. Soorten netwerkverbindingen .............................................................................14
3.5.1. Cross-over ..................................................................................................14
3.5.2. Straight through ..........................................................................................15
3.5.3. UTP & STP ...................................................................................................15
3.6. Glasvezel ..........................................................................................................15
3.7. Powerline ..........................................................................................................15
3.8. Draadloos..........................................................................................................15
Pagina 2 van 33

, 3.9. Protocol.............................................................................................................15
3.10. Het OSI-model ..................................................................................................16
3.10.1. Lagenmodel.................................................................................................16
3.10.2. TCP/IP in OSI-model ....................................................................................17
3.11. Classfull ip-adressering ......................................................................................18
3.11.1. Opbouw IP-adres .........................................................................................18
3.12. NAT...................................................................................................................18
3.13. Subnetmasker ...................................................................................................18
3.13.1. Voordelen....................................................................................................18
3.14. IP-adres ............................................................................................................19
3.14.1. Soorten IP-adressering ................................................................................19
3.14.2. Speciale IP-adressen....................................................................................19
3.14.3. Interne en externe adressen ........................................................................19
3.14.4. Broadcastadressen.......................................................................................19
3.14.5. Software loopbackadres ...............................................................................19
3.14.6. Privé netwerkadressen .................................................................................20
3.14.7. IPV6............................................................................................................20
3.15. Verschil TCP/UDP...............................................................................................20
3.16. DNS ..................................................................................................................20
3.16.1. Omzeilen blokkering ....................................................................................20
3.17. MAC-adres.........................................................................................................21
3.17.1. Nut MAC-adres ............................................................................................21
3.18. Netwerkprinter ..................................................................................................21
3.19. Hub...................................................................................................................21
3.20. Switch...............................................................................................................21
3.21. Router...............................................................................................................21
3.22. CSMA/CD ..........................................................................................................22
3.23. Token passing....................................................................................................22
4. Nieuwe technologieën ..............................................................................................23
4.1. Gebogen en buigzame schermen ........................................................................23
4.2. Biometrie ..........................................................................................................23
4.3. SLI crossfire ......................................................................................................23
4.4. DNA-Computer ..................................................................................................23
4.5. Kwantumcomputers ...........................................................................................23
4.6. Smartwatch.......................................................................................................23
5. Darknet ..................................................................................................................24
5.1. Tor ....................................................................................................................24
5.2. Onionland..........................................................................................................24
6. Opbouw PC .............................................................................................................25
Pagina 3 van 33

, 6.1. Digitale computer ..............................................................................................25
6.2. Desktop ............................................................................................................26
6.3. All-in one ..........................................................................................................26
6.4. Tower................................................................................................................26
6.5. Notebook ..........................................................................................................26
6.6. Von Neumann....................................................................................................26
6.6.1. Functionele ordening....................................................................................26
6.7. Moederbord .......................................................................................................26
6.8. Kloksnelheden CPU ............................................................................................27
6.9. Snelheid processor ............................................................................................27
6.10. Opbouw harde schijf (HDD)................................................................................27
6.11. Opslag harde schijf ............................................................................................27
6.12. Snelheid harde schijf .........................................................................................27
6.13. SSD of Solid State Drive ....................................................................................27
6.14. Partionering.......................................................................................................28
6.15. Eigenschappen HD .............................................................................................28
6.16. Betrouwbaarheid ...............................................................................................28
6.17. Recovery ...........................................................................................................28
6.18. Soorten geheugen .............................................................................................28
6.19. Soorten aansluitingen ........................................................................................29
6.20. RAID .................................................................................................................30
7. ChatGPT & Bard ......................................................................................................31
7.1. Verschil ChatGPT & Bard ....................................................................................31
7.2. Verschillende tools .............................................................................................31
8. Computional thinking ...............................................................................................33
8.1. Algoritmen ........................................................................................................33
8.2. flowcharts .........................................................................................................33
8.3. valkuilen ...........................................................................................................33




Pagina 4 van 33

, 1. Besturingssystemen
1.1. Taken
• Opstarten systeem
• Uitvoeren programma’s
• Geheugenbeheer
• Communicatie
o input
o output

1.2. 32-bit vs. 64-bit
• 32 bit
o Minder geheugen
o Trager
o Trager schakelen tussen CPU
• 64 bit
o Meer geheugen
o Sneller
o Veel sneller schakelen
• Sneller schakelen → meer gegevens in het RAM-geheugen

1.3. Windows Aero
• Glass-effect
o Kaders een beetje doorzichtig
• Live miniaturen op de taakbalk
• Windows flip (3D)
o Snel tussen vensters wisselen
• Aero shake: vensters heen en weer schudden = alle vensters geminimaliseerd
• Aero snap twee tabbladen naast elkaar

1.4. UAC
• User account control
• Geïntroduceerd bij windows Vista
• UAC vraagt “token” bij installeren programma

1.5. Partities
• Primair
• Uitgebreid
• Logisch station

1.6. FAT vs. NTFS
• NTFS is sneller
• Opslagtechnologie
• Windows/MAC

1.7. Opstarten
• Windows: hardwarescan
• MAC
o Geen hardwarescan


Pagina 5 van 33

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