Descartes (17de eeuw) Rationalisme, “cogito ergo sum” (nature)
Nativisme = aangeboren kennis mens begrijpen via rede
Dualisme = lichaam beperkt, stoffelijk en tijdelijk geest vrij, onstoffelijk en eeuwig
Hobbes, Locke, Hume (17de – 18de Empirisme – ervaring, geest = tabula rasa (nurture)
eeuw) Kennis door observaties door associaties
Kennis = het product van ervaring inhoud van de geest kan onderzocht worden
Darwin (19de eeuw) Evolutietheorie, survival of the fittest
Menselijke geest beschouwen als studie-object
James Functionalisme (tegenbeweging)
“Stream of consciousness”
Wertheimer, Khöler, Koffka Gestaltpsychologie (kritiek op structuralisme), focus op perceptie
“Geheel (gestalt) is meer dan som der delen” <-> atomisme structuralisten
Zollner illusie Lijnen lijken schuin, maar zijn het niet deelaspecten beïnvloeden elkaar (belang
totaalconfiguratie)
Watson Behaviourisme enkel gedrag kan opjectief gemeten worden, stimulus – respons, leerprincipes
geïnspireerd door positivisme (kennis enkel door wetenschappelijke methode)
“Give me a dozen healthy infants…”
Freud Psychoanalyse onbewuste processen en impulsen sturen ons
Droomanalyse niet gebaseerd op wetenschappelijk onderzoek!
Vb: kleine Hans (oedipuscomplex)
HS2: Conditionering en leren
Pavlov Klassieke conditionering
psychische reflex, anticipatie, hond van Pavlov
Garcia & Koelling Bright Noisy Water Experiment ratten krijgen zoet/ normaal water (2 groepen: elektroshock &
bestraling)
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