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UCF Biomedical Sciences Exit Exam Study Guide Questions With Correct Answers.
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UCF Biomedical Sciences Exit Exam Study Guide Questions With Correct Answers.
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UCF Biomedical Sciences Exit Exam Study Guide Questions With Correct Answers.eukaryotic cells Answer- - nucleus - membrane bound organelles
- Larger, complex, mostly multicellular - DNA is linear in chromosomes - DNA tightly wrapped around histone proteins (chromatin)
- mRNA is edited - replicate through mitosis and meiosis
- free and bound ribosomes
- 80S ribosomes
prokaryotic cells Answer- - smaller, less complex
- no membrane bound organelles
- no nucleus
- DNA is circular, not packaged as chromosomes
- no histones
- mRNA usually unedited
- replicate through binary fission
- free ribosomes
- 70S ribosomes
Eubacteria Answer- - Domain of unicellular prokaryotes whose cell walls are made up of peptidoglycan
- thrive in normal conditions
- lipid bilayer as cell membrane
Archaea Answer- - Domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls that do not
contain peptidoglycan (pseudo) - thrive in extreme conditions
- lipid monolayer in cell membrane
endospore Answer- a dormant, tough, and non-reproductive structure produced by certain bacteria (gram pos) typically due to lack of nutrients/periods of stress
capsules Answer- protect a bacterial cell from ingestion and destruction by white blood cells (prevent phagocytosis) flagella Answer- long, whip-like filament that helps in cell motility. Many bacteria are flagellated, and sperm are flagellated.
gram positive Answer- - thick peptidoglycan layer
- no outer membrane
- contain teichoic acids
- stain purple/blue
gram negative Answer- - thinner layer of peptidoglycan
- has outer membrane
- contains lipopolysaccharides
- stain pinkish/red
microorganism growth phases Answer- 1. lag phase = population remains constant, metabolically active, cells grow in size
2. log phase = cell population size increases logarithmically as cells begin to reproduce
3. stationary phase = population size is constant, though some cells are dying and others are dividing
4. death = total lack of nutrients and reproduction stops; death rate exceeds division rate
generation time Answer- the time it takes for a population to double in number
ex: if E. coli's generation time is 20 minutes and you start with a colony of 3 cells, after an hour there will be 243 cells
binary fission Answer- A form of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size
nucleic acids Answer- macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus
DNA and RNA
sugars are linked by phosphodiester bonds while bases are linked by hydrogen bonds
make up genetic information in cells, function in protein production (DNA --> RNA -->
protein)
proteins Answer- chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds
disulfide bridges and hydrophobic interactions also exist
functional metabolic molecules in cells; also play structural roles
lipids Answer- Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; micromolecule = fatty acid
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