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clinical psychology methods summary
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coincise summary of methods in clinical psychology including: - HCPC guidelines -grounded theory - types of studies -interview example -case study key points highlighted
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types of interviews and evaluation (clinical)
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Some examples from this set of practice questions
1.
what are interviews ?
Answer: usually face-to-face conversations
2.
state a difference between an interview and a questionnaire
Answer: in an interview, the interviewer is contributing at the same time as the patient, but in a questionnaire, only the respondent/client is involved in answering the questions
3.
how does the interviewer contribute to the interview ?
Answer: the interviewer usuallly asks questions and the interviewee answers them, but sometimes the interviewee might ask questions or the interviewer might offer instructions, clarifications or responses of their own.
4.
describe another feature of interviews
Answer: interviews are often recorded (either audio-only or filmed). They can be transcribed (written down) later and analysed in detail.
5.
structured interview
Answer: have pre-determined questions -they don\'t sound or feel much like a normal conversation.
interviews evaluation
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Some examples from this set of practice questions
1.
interviews generalisability
Answer: exclude pps uncomfortable to share info with researcher (embarassed of particular attitudes or ashamed by their mental disorder). pps variables: interviewees who are articulate (speak clearly) give more quality info. Interveiws can exclude people less articulate or can\'t express themselves. or speak a different language but translators can clarify questions or answers in semi-structured interview.
2.
intervies reliability
Answer: highly subjective: influenced by researcher\'s own personal impression of ppt. standardised procedures to ensure everyone gets asked the same questions worded in the same way in the same order. the more strcutured interview the more reliable. interviewers trained to ask questions in same way. interview can be repeated by a second interviewer (test-retest reliability). recorded interviews can be checked by other raters (inter-interviewer reliability).
3.
interviews application
Answer: useful for socially sensitive research as other methods cold or disrespectful.
4.
interviews validity
Answer: in-depth data on real life: help researchers understand person more thoroughly.
5.
interviews validity weaknesses
Answer: researcher effects / interviewer bias - (researcher influences answers given) : deliberate through leading questions, encouragement or body language; or accidental if people are attractive / hostile, different sex or race.
clinical interviews definitions and examples
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Flashcards
11 Flashcards
$3.86
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Some examples from this set of practice questions
1.
what are interviews?
Answer: usually face-to-face conversations
2.
describe a difference between an interview and a questionnaire
Answer: in an interview, the interviewer contributes at the same time as the interviewee, whils only the interviewee contrbutes in a questionnaire by answering set questions.
3.
how does the interviewer contribute to the interview ?
Answer: asking questions which the interviewee answers to. but sometimes the interviewee might aks questions or the interviewer might offer instructions, clarifications or responses of their own.
4.
give another feature of interviews
Answer: can be recorded (audio-only or filmed), then transcribed (written down) later and analysed in detail.
5.
what is a clinical interview ?
Answer: special type of interview made by a medical practitioner to assess health.
clinical psychology case study Laverenne (2013)
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Flashcards
30 Flashcards
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Some examples from this set of practice questions
1.
example of case study in clinical psychology
Answer: laverenne et al. (2013) psychotic patients with fragile boundaries
2.
what is ego boundary ?
Answer: awareness of distinction between what is real and what is not
3.
fragile ego boundary
Answer: cannot differentiate between own personal perceptions and feelings from those of others
4.
example of fragile ego boundary
Answer: fear of breaking apart, wish to be part of someone else
5.
aim
Answer: to investigate how out-patients use the group session to provide themselves firm boundaries and develop a sense of connectedness in order to combat lonely feelings
clinical psychology interview Vallentine (2010)
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Flashcards
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Some examples from this set of practice questions
1.
example of interview in clinical psychology
Answer: valentine et al. (2010)
2.
what was this interview about?
Answer: psyhco-educational group for detained offender patients
3.
aim
Answer: investigate usefulness of psychoeducation within group work for offender patients in a high security forensic hospital setting
4.
sample
Answer: 42 male offender patients
5.
psychoeducation sessions and duration
Answer: 20 sessions across 3 years
clinical psychology HCPC guidelines summary
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Some examples from this set of practice questions
1.
what is Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC)?
Answer: a regulatory body that monitors practitioner psychologists
2.
character
Answer: credible character refences from people who know them for 3 years
3.
purpose of providing charactre references
Answer: to give an idea whether their character traits might be suitable for the role of a psychologist. whether any criminal cautions and convictions affect their suitability to practice
4.
health guideline
Answer: general health recorded into the database every 2 years
5.
purpose of health guideline
Answer: to assess whether any health issues affect their ability to practice safely
clinical psychology research methods -types of research
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Some examples from this set of practice questions
1.
what is primary data ?
Answer: information gathered directly from participants
2.
what is secondary data?
Answer: evidence gathered by other researchers
3.
example of secondary data
Answer: accessing peer-reviewed articles or public access statistics
4.
advantages of primary data
Answer: data is up to date. designed to target the required information with purpose of being specific for the investigation. can know and evaluate how valid/reliable the research was and hence have a high level of control
5.
disadvantages of primary data
Answer: time consuming. ethical cosiderations in working directly with participants
grounded theory in psychology
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Some examples from this set of practice questions
1.
what is grounded theory?
Answer: developing theory from research
2.
why is grounded theory different from the common scientific approach / method ?
Answer: the scientific method involves formulating a hypothesis and testing the theory, whereas grounded theory formulates a theory after gathering research evidence
3.
what does grounded theory involve?
Answer: gathering and analysisng qualitative data about topics of interest so theory emerges gradually from the data analysed
4.
step 1
Answer: identify area of behaviour of interest here information can be gathered from
5.
step 2
Answer: code it int some way until patterns appear
Content preview
METHODSHealth and Care Professions Council (HCPC)
guidelines
Regulatory body that monitors practitioner psychologists
CHARACTER
Credible character references from those who know them for 3 yrs to give idea of character
traits suitable for role
Whether criminal cautions / convictions affect suitability to practise
HEALTH
General health every 2 yrs
Health issues likely to affect ability to practise safely
Health impairs ability to practise = stop work + declare it
Standards of :
PROFICIENCY
Professional autonomy + accountability
Formulation + delivery of plans and strategies for meeting health + social care needs
CONDUCT, PERFORMANCE and ETHICS
List of 14 guidelines :
- Maintain confidentiality with service users
- Only act within limits of own knowledge + skills, refer to others where necessary
Continuing PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Take part in + document regular training to develop own practise
Training events, evidence of how they’ve changed their practise and evaluation of
effectiveness of this
To keep up to date with current trends in clinical practice
EDUCATION and TRAINING
Set of minimum levels of qualifications specified b4 registering in health & care professions
Evidence Master’s degree with BPS qualification in area of practise working on.
Doctorate degree required for some
Training courses: meet required standards for proficiency expected for their area of practice
, For PRESCRIBING
Set out safe practise for prescribing medication by health & care professionals
Required knowledge + training to prescribe within professional practise
PRIMARY data SECONDARY data
Info gathered themselves directly from Relies on evidence gathered by other
group of pps researchers,
E.g. by accessing peer-reviewed articles
or public access statistics
Data is up to date Eliminates unreliable / flawed research
Designed to target required info with studies
purpose of being specific for Cheaper: don’t start from beginning, find
investigation pps, organise materials, etc.
Can know + evaluate how valid / reliable Fewer ethical issues
research was (high control)
Time-consuming No way of knowing how reliable / valid
Ethical considerations in working directly original research was
with pps =conclusions from data originally flawed
RESEARCH Mental health
LONGITUDINAL
Over longer period of time
Compare single group with their own performance over time
Developmental / time-based changes seen through patterns of measurements
Monitor changes in symptoms under certain treatment
Measurements of symptom expression + severity at intervals to see any reduction in
symptoms and assess how effective treatment
+ No difficulty in comparing btw - Sample attrition: patients drop out,
different people affected by die, not contacted. = remaining pps
individual differences: same illness = share characteristics = biased
different symptoms + experiences findings
+ Reliably measure effect of time on - Irrelevant data: findings published
bhv: if treatment can improve quality years later are outdated
of life in long-term
- Practical difficulties: expensive,
time-consuming, data collection
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