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Samenvatting Mens en Gezondheid 2

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Dit is een samenvatting van het vak Mens en Gezondheid 2 in semester 1 van het 2e jaar. Het document omvat de nodige informatie uit de PowerPoint slides en het handboek en extra uitleg vanuit de les.

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  • January 2, 2024
  • 78
  • 2023/2024
  • Summary
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1 Introductie ............................................................................................................................................... 1

2 Afwijkend gedrag ..................................................................................................................................... 4

3 Depressieve stoornissen........................................................................................................................... 8

Depressieve stoornis.......................................................................................................................... 10

Dysthyme stoornis ............................................................................................................................. 10

Premenstruele stemmingsstoornis ..................................................................................................... 10

4 Bipolaire stemmingsstoornissen............................................................................................................. 15

Bipolaire 1 stoornis............................................................................................................................ 16

Bipolaire 2 stoornis............................................................................................................................ 16

Cyclothyme stoornis .......................................................................................................................... 16

Rapid Cycling ..................................................................................................................................... 16

5 Angststoornissen.................................................................................................................................... 18

Paniekstoornis ................................................................................................................................... 18

Gegeneraliseerde angststoornis ......................................................................................................... 19

Specifieke fobie ................................................................................................................................. 19

Sociale angststoornis ......................................................................................................................... 19

Agorafobie ........................................................................................................................................ 19

6 Psychotrauma- en stressgerelateerde stoornissen.................................................................................. 21

Aanpassingsstoornis .......................................................................................................................... 21

Acute stressstoornis .......................................................................................................................... 21

Posttraumatische stressstoornis (PTSS) .............................................................................................. 22

Complexe PTSS .................................................................................................................................. 23

7 Dissociatieve identiteitsstoornissen ....................................................................................................... 25

Dissociatieve identiteitsstoornis......................................................................................................... 25

Dissociatieve amnesie........................................................................................................................ 25

Depersonalisatie- of derealisatiestoornis ........................................................................................... 25

8 Obsessieve-compulsieve stoornis (OCD) ................................................................................................. 27

9 Schizofreniespectrumstoornissen........................................................................................................... 29

Kortdurende psychotische stoornis .................................................................................................... 30

Schizofrenie....................................................................................................................................... 30

Waanstoornis .................................................................................................................................... 31

,10 Persoonlijkheidsstoornissen ................................................................................................................... 34

Paranoïde .......................................................................................................................................... 35

Schizoïde ........................................................................................................................................... 35

Schizotypische ................................................................................................................................... 36

Antisociale ........................................................................................................................................ 37

Borderline ......................................................................................................................................... 37

Histrionische ..................................................................................................................................... 38

Narcistische....................................................................................................................................... 38

Vermijdende...................................................................................................................................... 39

Afhankelijke....................................................................................................................................... 39

Dwangmatige .................................................................................................................................... 40

11 Verslavingsstoornissen ........................................................................................................................... 41

Middelgerelateerde stoornissen ........................................................................................................ 43

Niet-middelgerelateerde stoornis ...................................................................................................... 44

12 Neurocognitieve stoornissen .................................................................................................................. 46

Delirium ............................................................................................................................................ 46

Beperkte en uitgebreide neurocognitieve stoornis ............................................................................. 49

Niet-aangeboren hersenaandoeningen .............................................................................................. 54

13 Voedings- en eetstoornissen .................................................................................................................. 58

Anorexia nervosa............................................................................................................................... 58

Boulimia nervosa............................................................................................................................... 58

Eetbuienstoornis ............................................................................................................................... 59

14 Slaap- en waakstoornissen ..................................................................................................................... 61

Insomnia ........................................................................................................................................... 61

Hypersomnolentiestoornis................................................................................................................. 62

Narcolepsie ....................................................................................................................................... 62

Ademhalingsgerelateerde slaapstoornissen ....................................................................................... 62

Slaap- en waakstoornissen gebonden aan circadiaanse ritmiek .......................................................... 63

Pavor Nocturnus................................................................................................................................ 63

Slaapwandelen .................................................................................................................................. 63

Remslaapstoornis .............................................................................................................................. 63

Nachtmerriestoornis.......................................................................................................................... 63

,15 Seksualiteitsstoornissen ......................................................................................................................... 66

Genderdysforie.................................................................................................................................. 66

Seksuele disfuncties .......................................................................................................................... 67

Parafilie en parafiele stoornissen ....................................................................................................... 69

16 Specifieke therapieën ............................................................................................................................. 71

17 Internationale tendensen ....................................................................................................................... 73

, Hoofdstuk 1: Introductie


1 Introductie
• Prevalentie:
• Hoe vaak komt een stoornis voor binnen de populatie?
• Zijn er verschillen tussen de groepen?
• Prognose:
• Wat verwachten we?
• Wat voorspellen we?
• Prodromen:
• De eerste tekenen dat een ziekte gaat ontstaan → waarschuwingssignalen
• Als we dit weten kunnen we op voorhand al ingrijpen

1.1 Psychopathologie
• Pathologie: ziekten
• Deelgebied van psychiatrie en klinische psychologie
• Psychiater verantwoordelijk voor medisch beleid
• Psycholoog verantwoordelijk voor de effectieve begeleiding
• Focus op afwijkende emoties, gedachten en gedrag
• Aandacht voor oorzaken en behandeling

Symptoom = uiting van onderliggend probleem.

Syndroom = verzameling van symptomen. (slaapproblemen, geheugenverlies)

Comorbiditeit = samengaan van verschillende syndromen.


1.2 Historiek
• Oudheid en middeleeuwen:
• Psychisch probleem werd gezien als gevolg van bovennatuurlijke krachten
• Men begreep niet waarom mensen anders waren
• 18e en 19e eeuw:
• Meer oog voor psychische klachten → nog geen behandeling
• Psychische ziekenhuizen in zeer slechte omstandigheden
• Vanaf 20e eeuw:
• Freud met psychoanalyse
• Medicatie voor psychische problemen
• 21e eeuw:
• Meer integratieve benadering (in zijn geheel bekijken)
• Aandacht voor medicatie en therapeutische stromingen
• Goede doen voor de cliënt
• Nog niet zo lang geleden:
• Men dacht dat als je de frontaalkwab beschadigde, de psychische problemen opgelost werden
• Homoseksualiteit werd vroeger gezien als psychiatrische stoornis


1.3 ‘Abnormaal’ of afwijkend gedrag
1.3.1 ‘Normaal’ gedrag
• Cultuur en opvoeding
• Sociaal wenselijke in samenleving
• Gedrag dat meest voorkomt
• Aangepaste emoties/gedrag dat tot de norm behoort
• Verbonden zijn met omgeving
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