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International Management (D0M23B): Key Concepts Summary (2024!) $8.33
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International Management (D0M23B): Key Concepts Summary (2024!)

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Providing an in-depth list of all relevant concept regarding KU Leuven course International Management (D0M23B), Professor Jean-Malik Dumas. Extensive synthesis of literature, Coursework and lectures. Good luck and enjoy!

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  • 2 januari 2024
  • 12
  • 2023/2024
  • Samenvatting
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International Management
Key Concepts and Readings


Session 1 Introduction

Concepts

International management: internal activity of planning and organizing a company’s cross-
border activities, why to cross borders.
International strategy : external activity, decisions to stay ahead of competition and gain
competitive advantage, how to cross borders.

Home country: headquarter of MNC.
Host country: hosts the subsidiaries of the MNC

MNC: Multinational Company
MNE: Multinational Enterprise

Borders: have political and economic importance but create also mental categories of formal
and informal systems. Border-crossing firms need to deal with these differences.
- Advantages: arbitrage opportunities, profiting from differences (laws, diversity,
prices, knowledge, customers, cost saving, resources, avoiding trade barriers)
- Liabilities: cost of doing business abroad.

“Made In” label: refers to the country where a product is made. Expresses quality level

Technology: has impacted the way of doing business on society in terms of:
- Distance: activities are not tied to a place (ex: Zoom, worldwide shipping). Leads to:
 Cultural distance: based on people, habits, traditions, language, …
 Psychological (psychic) distance: perceptual distance, based on familiarity
with a foreign country. Ex: “have we already done business with this country
in the past?”
 Administrative distance: tax, legal systems,…
 Economic distance: prices and currencies
 Geographic distance: time zones,…
- Time: traditional order of doing things is disrupted
- Relationships: firms do heavily rely on each other

International Trade: amplifies when physical and social distance between countries is
facilitated: common border, harbor, same language, currency. Shorter transport means lower
cost.

Dumb Foreigner Syndrome: the cost of foreignness: disadvantage because of a lack of
network, bad communication, no knowledge about implicit societal rules. Cultural frictions
are often underestimated.
- Explicit rules: written formal rules, laws.

1

, - Implicit rules: have a social character and influence relationships.

Internalization: producing good of services in-house, mostly key-assets that should be
shielded form competition.



Session 2 Globalization

Concepts

Globalization: growing economic interdependence between countries through increasing
cross-border transactions. Melting of individual societies and cultures to one whole
ensemble. Lower tariffs and higher global prosperity.
Deglobalization: form of protectionism, nationalism, powerful nation states, local solutions
and border control. Reasons:
- Climate change: “buy local”
- Exploitation
- Economic inequality
- Fear of immigration
- Shift in world power, rise of China.

View on deglobalization: two different schools of thoughts:
- Liberalism: globalization in the form of sectors, multiple patches of openness. Stands
for globalization patchwork.
- Realism: each country on its own. Stands for blocks around each state.

Paradox: politics push us apart, whilst technology brings us together. International managers
must be able to navigate between these forces.
International manager must:
- Be able to adapt performance and behavior.
- Adapt to cultures.
- Understand change in settings.

De facto: what really happens, observation of effective changes by measuring facts.
De Jure: what happens stated by the rules, what should happen.

Greenfield investment: investment from scratch.




2

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