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samenvatting bestuurskunde
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Dit document is een volledige samenvatting van wat gekend moet zijn voor het vak bestuurskunde. Het zijn de slides + notities.
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BESTUURSKUNDEINHOUDSOPGAVE
Les 1: overheid en maatschappij ...................................................................................................................... 6
1.Overheid in de maatschappij ............................................................................................................................ 6
De sfeer van de gemeenschappen (liefde & loyaliteit – je voelt verplichting t.o.v. anderen) ........................ 7
De sfeer van de staat (dwang & stem) ............................................................................................................ 7
De sfeer van de markt (ruil & exit) .................................................................................................................. 7
De sfeer van de civil society (zorg willen dragen & vertrouwen) .................................................................... 8
De staat en de andere sferen .......................................................................................................................... 8
Onderscheid tussen publiek en privaat/ non profit en profit/ formeel en informeel .................................... 9
Tijd en ruimte: de context maakt en verklaart verschil ................................................................................ 10
2.Wat is een staat? ........................................................................................................................................... 11
Toepassing tijdens les: waarom viel Afghanistan zo snel? ............................................................................ 12
3.Wat is een democratische rechtsstaat ........................................................................................................... 12
Nu gaan we dieper in op de 3 poten van de democratische rechtstaat: Parlementaire democratie ........... 13
De rechtstaat ................................................................................................................................................. 14
Bureaucratie .................................................................................................................................................. 14
4.Manieren waarop die democratische rechtsstaat onder druk kan komen te staan ...................................... 14
Les 2: goed bestuur ........................................................................................................................................ 16
Normatieve kaders ............................................................................................................................................ 16
Efficiënte en effectiviteit.................................................................................................................................... 17
Open en integer ................................................................................................................................................. 19
Veerkrachtig bestuur ......................................................................................................................................... 21
De spanningen tussen waarden en domeinen .................................................................................................. 22
les 3: publiek en privaat ................................................................................................................................. 23
Invloedsferen, goederen en diensten en organisaties ....................................................................................... 23
Invloedsferen ................................................................................................................................................ 24
Publiek en private goederen ......................................................................................................................... 25
Publiek en private organisaties ..................................................................................................................... 26
Waarom welke vorm? ....................................................................................................................................... 29
AARD VAN DE TAAK....................................................................................................................................... 29
PADAFHANKELIJKHEID .................................................................................................................................. 30
Waarom is dit onderscheid nu belangrijk? ........................................................................................................ 30
Publieke en private verbindingen ...................................................................................................................... 30
les 4: een historische schets ........................................................................................................................... 31
1
, 1800 tot 1870: de nachtwakerstaat .................................................................................................................. 31
1870-1919: infrastructuurstaat ......................................................................................................................... 32
1919-1973: Welvaartstaat ................................................................................................................................ 33
1973-2000: de ondernemende staat ................................................................................................................. 35
2000 -.... : de netwerkstaat (recente trends) ..................................................................................................... 36
Les 5: van bureaucratie naar new public governance ..................................................................................... 38
3 (4) modellen ................................................................................................................................................... 38
Bureaucratie ...................................................................................................................................................... 38
New public management .................................................................................................................................. 41
Post new public management/ New public governance ................................................................................... 42
Samenvattend ................................................................................................................................................... 43
Les 6: de federale overheid ............................................................................................................................ 44
Bevoegdheden en kenmerken ........................................................................................................................... 44
Politiek bestuurlijke Instellingen van de federale overheid ............................................................................... 44
Wetgevende macht ....................................................................................................................................... 44
Uitvoerde macht ........................................................................................................................................... 45
Aanleunende instellingen.............................................................................................................................. 45
Administratieve instellingen van de federale overheid ..................................................................................... 46
De federale en de programmatorische overheidsdiensten .......................................................................... 46
Federale wetenschappelijke instellingen ...................................................................................................... 48
De openbare instellingen van de sociale zekerheid ...................................................................................... 48
Overheidsbedrijven............................................................................................................................................ 49
Leger.................................................................................................................................................................. 49
De federale politie ............................................................................................................................................. 49
Justitie ............................................................................................................................................................... 49
Personeel, Financiën + begroting ...................................................................................................................... 54
Oorsprong van de inkomsten van de Federale Overheid ............................................................................. 54
Verdeling inkomsten van de Federale overheid ........................................................................................... 54
Les 7: de vlaamse overheid ............................................................................................................................ 56
(Vlaanderen in de) staatshervormingen ............................................................................................................ 56
Bevoegdheden van de Vlaamse overheid .......................................................................................................... 56
Bevoegdheden van de Vlaamse Gemeenschap (=bevoegdheden van de gemeenschappen) ...................... 57
Bevoegdheden van de gewesten .................................................................................................................. 57
Geen evident onderscheid in praktijk ........................................................................................................... 57
Politiek bestuurlijke instellingen ........................................................................................................................ 58
Financiën, de Vlaamse financiële middelen ...................................................................................................... 58
Administratieve instellingen .............................................................................................................................. 59
Beleidsdomeinen........................................................................................................................................... 60
2
, Departementen ............................................................................................................................................. 60
Agentschappen ............................................................................................................................................. 60
De beleidsraad .............................................................................................................................................. 61
Managementcomité ...................................................................................................................................... 62
Het adviesstelsel en de strategische adviesraden ........................................................................................ 62
Les 8: de lokale besturen ................................................................................................................................ 63
Staatshervormingen .......................................................................................................................................... 63
Lokale besturen in België................................................................................................................................... 63
Aantal soorten lokale besturen ......................................................................................................................... 63
Verschillen tussen de gewesten .................................................................................................................... 63
Fusies............................................................................................................................................................. 64
Regiovorming: subregionale clusters van gemeenten ...................................................................................... 65
Eerstelijnzones .............................................................................................................................................. 65
Woonregio’s .................................................................................................................................................. 66
Ruimtelijke zondering voor de gezondheid en welzijnsorganisaties ............................................................ 66
Vervoersregio’s ............................................................................................................................................. 66
Politiezones ................................................................................................................................................... 66
Hulpverleningszones/brandweerzones ......................................................................................................... 67
Hoe kunnen we dit alles nu rationaliseren en organiseren? ............................................................................. 67
Lokale autonomie VS centraal toezicht ............................................................................................................. 69
Autonomie en medebewind ......................................................................................................................... 69
Toezicht ......................................................................................................................................................... 69
Audit door audit Vlaanderen ......................................................................................................................... 70
Lokale inkomsten en uitgaven ...................................................................................................................... 70
De provinciale besturen en de provinciale autonomie ................................................................................. 71
Politieke organisatie van de Vlaams lokale besturen ........................................................................................ 71
Verkozen raden ............................................................................................................................................. 71
Uitvoerende macht ....................................................................................................................................... 71
Administratieve organisatie van de Vlaamse lokale besturen .......................................................................... 72
New public management op lokaal niveau ................................................................................................... 72
Andere lokale actoren ....................................................................................................................................... 72
OCMW (openbare centra voor maatschappelijk welzijn) ............................................................................. 72
decentralisatiedebat ......................................................................................................................................... 73
Les 9: regulering en beleidsinstrumentatie..................................................................................................... 74
De instrumenten van de overheid ..................................................................................................................... 74
Toepassing op de pandemie: hoe kan de overheid zoveel mogelijk mensen vaccineren? ........................... 74
Nudges .............................................................................................................................................................. 74
Dode huisdieren begraven – mag dat? ............................................................................................................. 75
Regelgeving ....................................................................................................................................................... 75
Definitie ......................................................................................................................................................... 75
Waarom werken regels? ................................................................................................................................... 76
3
, Waarom reguleren ............................................................................................................................................ 76
1. De economische motieven die tot doel hebben de markt zuiver te houden............................................ 76
2. Public interest motieven die een breed algemeen belang tot doel hebben. ............................................ 77
Wie reguleert..................................................................................................................................................... 77
Hoe reguleren .................................................................................................................................................... 78
H13-Deel 2 les 9: regulerende staat .................................................................................................................. 79
Liberalisering en privatisering ........................................................................................................................... 79
Regulerende agentschappen......................................................................................................................... 80
Handhaving ....................................................................................................................................................... 80
Vormen van handhaving ............................................................................................................................... 80
Les 10: Politiek ambtelijke verhoudingen ....................................................................................................... 82
Dichotomie (dichotome onderscheid tussen politiek en administratie) ............................................................ 82
Wilson ........................................................................................................................................................... 82
Weber............................................................................................................................................................ 82
Complexere modellen ........................................................................................................................................ 84
Het dichotomy-duality model van Svara ....................................................................................................... 84
Interactiemodellen van Peters (niet kennen voor examen) ......................................................................... 85
Invloed van context ........................................................................................................................................... 86
1. Impact van electorale cyclus en electoraal systeem. ................................................................................ 86
2. Impact van de setting/de context van het beleid ..................................................................................... 86
3. impact van bestuursniveau en schaal ....................................................................................................... 86
4. Impact van frontlijnambtenaren ............................................................................................................... 87
5. Impact van beroepsbeelden ...................................................................................................................... 87
België ................................................................................................................................................................. 87
Hoe wordt men ambtenaar? ......................................................................................................................... 87
Politieke benoemingen ................................................................................................................................. 88
Kabinetten ..................................................................................................................................................... 88
Les 11: bestuur en maatschappelijk middenveld ............................................................................................ 90
Vertrouwen en legitimiteit ................................................................................................................................ 90
Rollen: klant, opponent, participant ................................................................................................................. 91
K L A N T E N R O l .......................................................................................................................................... 91
Openbaar onderzoek en bezwaarschriften ................................................................................................... 92
Openbaarheid van bestuur ........................................................................................................................... 92
Participant ..................................................................................................................................................... 92
Burgermaatschappij .......................................................................................................................................... 93
Participatievormen ............................................................................................................................................ 93
Individueel en coöperatie ............................................................................................................................. 94
Coöperatie en georganiseerd ........................................................................................................................ 94
Georganiseerd en conflict ............................................................................................................................. 95
Conflict en individueel ................................................................................................................................... 95
Individueel + mengeling van coöperatie en conflict ..................................................................................... 95
Waarom is participatie belangrijk? ................................................................................................................... 95
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