NURS 548 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 93 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Apoptosis - answer Cells of a neoplasm do not die off like normal cells so the number of cells grows, rather than remain constant as in healthy tissue. Labile Cell - answer Cells of tissue that continuously divide and replicate throughout life. Ex: epithelial cells of skin, oral cavity, vagina, cervix, GI tract, and bone marrow. Permanent Cell - answer Cells of tissue that do not proliferate. Ex: nerve cells, skeletal muscle cells, and cardiac muscle cells. Stable Cell - answer Cells of tissue that stop dividing once tissue growth ceases. Capable of undergoing regeneration. Ex: parenchyma of solid organs (liver and kidney), smooth muscle cells, vascular endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. Proto-Oncogenes - answer The normal genes that case for normal proteins used in cell division: -growth factors -growth factor receptors -G proteins -Enzymes that produce secondary messengers -Genes that turn the productions of these proteins on and off Stages of Oncogenesis - answer Initiation: initial mutation occurs Promotion: mutated cells are stimulated to divide Progression: tumor cells compete with one another and develop more mutations, making them more aggressive -oma - answer Benign tumors Carcinoma - answer Malignant Epithelial Tissue Sarcoma - answer Malignant Mesenchymal Tissue Epithelial Surface Tumors - answer Papilloma; Squamous cell carcinoma Epithelial Glandular Tumors - answer Adenoma; Adenocarcinoma Connective Fibrous Tumors - answer Fibroma; Fibrosarcoma Connective Adipose Tumors - answer Lipoma; Liposarcoma Connective Cartilage Tumors - answer Chondroma; Chondrosarcoma Connective Bone Tumors - answer Osteoma; Osteosarcoma Connective Blood Vessel Tumors - answer Hemangioma; Hemangiosarcoma Connective Lymph Vessel Tumors - answer Lymphangioma; Lymphangiosarcoma Connective Lymph Tissue Tumors - answer Only Lymphosarcoma Smooth Muscle Tumors - answer Leiomyoma; Leiomyosarcoma Striated Muscle Tumors - answer Rhabdomyom
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