A fully summarised document of section 1.3, the consequences of urbanisation resulting from the industrial revolution.
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Why, and with what consequences, did urbanisation result from
industrialisation?
v The growth of towns and the impact on living conditions
§ Britain was the most developed nation in the world by 1750.
However, not many of the population lived in the towns.
§ But with the national growth of commerce, finance and all the
manufacturing industries, this led to a steady growth of urban
areas.
§ The move from country to town, from agriculture to industry,
finance and commerce was a key part of the industrialization
process.
§ Open growth was about 25% each decade between eight 1800
and 1850.
§ Some towns experience more growth than others.
v The causes of the rapid growth of towns
§ The more important factor in the growth of towns was the
increasing population.
§ The growth of towns can be attributed to the population which
more than doubled between 1750 and 1800, and the national
census carried out every ten years showed that it went from
about 15.7 million (1801) to 27.3 million (1851)
§ Caused by several push and pull factors
§ A push came from agriculture - became more efficient and
productive, and there was no longer a need for such a large
workforce.
§ Although the rural areas tended to be healthier than those
people living in towns, babies tended to survive longer.
However, the rural area couldn't usefully employ people there
because agriculture was more efficient with all the machinery
being developed.
, § Poll came from the towns which provided jobs for the rural
unemployed. The towns that grew the most were those with
the industrial process was growing a rapidly.
§ The changes in agriculture led to better quality food being
produced and was able to provide for this growing population.
§ With an expanding empire overseas, all the colonies they had,
and a good merchant Navy, Britain had food security.
§ There was also no restriction to the movement of people. So
people could move freely throughout the country. They could
find jobs where in the town they lived in, they could not.
§ Industrial towns provided employment for those who worked
in all the new and developing factories.
§ The growing middle class was predominantly employed in
these factories, which was linked to the industrialisation.
§ Now factory managers needed bankers, lawyers. They were a
bunch of specialisations emerging from this industrialisation.
Engineers were needed. Men were needed to promote goods.
§ People needed goods for themselves, for their families, so this
led to growth of larger stores which needed managers and
employees.
§ There was an improving literacy rates and with cheap price
there was now also demand for quality newspapers, and this
meant journalists.
§ So now I have this growing middle class wanted to educate
their children, so schools grew
§ The middle class also their big families. They needed domestic
workers. And came to be the biggest employer of young
working woman.
§ We know that the changes and development in transport were
also a reason for rapid growth because people could move
freely between countries and towns.
§ Transport or to mean that goods could be moved freely and
around the country easily and more efficient, which lead to
different industries being built in different regions.
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