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Adolescent development lecture 15

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Detailed notes from lecture 15

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  • April 6, 2018
  • 13
  • 2017/2018
  • Class notes
  • Judith dubas
  • 15
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Adolescent development HC15


Work and the Transition to Adulthood - Judith Semon Dubas

Lecture Outline
 Adolescent Work: Historical changes
 Pros and Cons of working
 Career Development Theories
 Macrolevel factors: Unemployment statistics
 Dutch intervention to delay school leaving
 The end of adolescence: Emerging Adulthood
 Transition to adulthood for vulnerable youth

1. Historical changes in attending school and work
 In Europe from 1500 to 1700, it was common for young people to leave their homes
to take part in life‐cycle service during their late teens and twenties.
o Farming
o Going somewhere to get trained
 Children and adolescents who worked in cotton mills were only half as likely to live
past age 20 as those outside the mill (dangerous!)
 As industrialization proceeded in the 18th and 19th centuries, it became common for
adolescents to work in factories.
 For most of the 20th Century attending school and working was rare
 Century attending school and working was rare
 Early 1900s most people did not attend school past the 8th grade
 Working by 14




Combining, because they also had to provide for their families.

The adolescent workplace
 Most American girls baby‐sit as their first job
 American boys usually do yard work as their first work experience
 For older adolescents, the majority of work is in restaurants or retail sales
 On average high school:
o Sophomores work (2nd year of high school) 15 hours a week
o Seniors work (last year) 20 hours per week

% employed
 U.S. 80% of high school seniors work
 NL 92% HBO (advanced tech)
 NL 83% University students

, Adolescent development HC15


2. Pros and Cons of working
 Depends on the perception of the work done and investment in work
 Primary Orientation Model – focus of attention is either on work or school, not both
 Premature focus – pseudomaturity
o Escape from current roles
o Lose opportunity to explore different roles
o Australië: jonge jongens werken in de mijnen en kijken niet verder naar de
toekomst, ze blijven werken in deze sector, terwijl het heel slecht is voor de
gezondheid.

Work & Psychological Functioning (correlational studies!)
 Up to 10 hours per week
o Not related to any psychological symptoms
o Little effect on adolescent development
 Beyond 10 hours per week
o Anxiety
o Depression
o Sleep per night declines (especially for those who want to do good in school)
o Disruptive to eating and exercise habits
 Beyond 20 hours per week
o Problems become considerably worse
o + substance use (they have more money to buy it)
o ‐ schoolwork
o + cynical attitude
o Misconduct (in contact with older people)

Occupational deviance (onterecht ziekmelden, stelen)




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