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CM1008- MSCP Summary Book Lecture Tutorial

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A clear but full summary of CM1008-Media Systems in Comparative Perspectives, including content from H&M Chapter (2004 and 2012), lecture and tutorial slides.

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  • April 8, 2018
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  • 2017/2018
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By: polinagrib • 5 year ago

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Anh Hoang- MSCP Summary



Week 1: Chapter 1+2
 System:
o Interconnecting parts
o Necessary and dependent relationships between parts (Stability)
o Variety, flexibility, dynamic
o There are limits to the amount of changes (Constraint)
o Open, related to environment
 Media system:
a) Separate, overlapping, interconnecting of parts/elements
b) Relationship with political/ economic system
c) Not homogenous, not the result of 1 single ideology
d) Stable but always changing
 Globalization
e) Result from meaningful patterns of historical development
f) There are internal differences in normative expectations and regulation
 Dimensions:
o Fundamental components
o Interrelated
o Differ in influence
o Some dimensions may illuminate others
o Differ in strength
o “the whole media system is greater than the sum of its parts”



Chapter 1:

 Comparative analysis:
o 2 basic functions:
 Concept formation and clarification
 Causal inference
o Valuable in social investigation:
 Sensitizes us to variation and similarity:
 notice things we did not notice before and therefore has not
conceptualized
 forces us to clarify the scope and applicability of the concepts
we employ
 Test hypothesis about the inter relationship among social phenomenon
o Aims of cross-national comparisons:
 Seeks for distinctions, identify similarities and differences
 Enhance our understanding of social phenomenon
 Search for how and why differences occur
o But:

,Anh Hoang- MSCP Summary


 Refrain from subjective judgement
 Be aware of points of reference
 Avoid cultural bias/ethnocentrism
 “Four Theories of the Press” (Siebert, Peterson, Schramm)
o did not analyse the relation between media system and social system
o Look only at the “rationales or theories” in which media legitimated
themselves
o Normative  Judge the world press system in terms of their distance from the
liberal ideal of a neutral “watchdog” free from state interference
 H&M Comparative analysis
o Empirical  understand why media systems developed in particular way
o Based on social context
 Globalization
o Media systems are affected by globalization
o Globalization: “worldwide climate in which people, industries, government,
and countries across the world are being propelled into closer political,
economic and cultural unions”
o Drivers of globalization:
 Main force: Economic: corporate profit making
o Drivers of globalization of media:
a) Communication Technologies
b) International travel
c) Global media conglomerates
d) Audience curiosity: changing consumption patterns
 People more interested in foreign culture and media content
 Consumerism
 Globalization leads to:
o Diminishment of nation states powers
o Convergence of media system
o Homogenization of content
 However: Role of nation state
o Media system continued to be shaped by national characteristics
o Media system remain to a significant degree national in organization and
orientation
o Nation-states still determine to a high degree how media industries and
markets are organized and what media services are provided and received
 We need “a model of media globalization that recognizes the continuing role of the
national and conceptualizes the phenomenon in terms of a convergence of policy orientations,
market development and programming trends within countries”

, Anh Hoang- MSCP Summary



Chapter 2:


1. Development of Media Market
 Media markets:
o “How is media produced, financed, consumed?”
o structure including ownership, concentration, market shares, audience
behaviour and media access, use, …
 Reflected in the different rates of newspapers circulation
o Southern Europe: low circulation rates
 Horizontal: inter-elite communication via newspapers
 Newspapers is not historically a business enterprise
 Subsidized by political actors
 Larger gender differences (differences in literacy rates)
o Northern Europe/America: high circulation rates
 Vertical: newspapers mediate between political elites and ordinary
citizens (to the mass)
 Strong commercial media enterprises
 Early development of mass-circulation (commercial) press
 Language factors also divide media market into different segment
 Newspapers markets vary in the balance of local, regional and national newspapers
o National newspapers tend to produce more politically differentiated press
 Germany, France
o Super-regional: USA, Canada
 Quality differences:
o Clear separation between a sensationalist mass press and “quality” papers
addressed to and elite leadership (Britain)

2. Political parallelism
 Political parallelism: Media’s engagement and alliances with social/political groups
o Relationship of the media, journalists, and the political spheres including
political communication and political culture
 Political orientation- party press parallelism
o Media content: the extent to which the different media reflect distinct political
orientations in their news and current affairs reporting
o Organization connection: each news organization is aligned with particular
party
o Political activism: the tendency for media personnel to be active in political
life
o Partisanship of media audiences: audiences consume media products affiliated
with their political orientation

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